CARDS 



725 



426 



429 



act 



made to revolve by a band and pulley connected to the axle of a crank, or by any 

 convenient means. Fig. 426 is a front view of this machine : a a and b b are the two 

 rollers, the upper one 

 turning upon an ex- 

 tended axle, bearing in 

 the standards, the lower 

 one upon pivots. These 

 rollers are formed by a 

 series of circular blocks, 

 between a series of cir- 

 cular steel cutters, which 

 are slidden on to iron 

 shafts, and held together 

 upon their axle by nuts 

 screwed up at their ends. 

 The accurate adjustment 

 of the cutters is of the 

 first importance to their 

 correct performance ; it is 

 therefore found necessary 

 to introduce spiral springs 

 within the blocks, in 

 order to press the cutters 

 up to their proper bear- 

 ings. A section of one 

 of the blocks is shown at 

 Jiff. 427, and an end view of the same at fig. 428, with the spiral springs inserted. 



At the outer extremity of the axle of the roller a, a rigger c, is attached, whence a 

 band passes to a pulley d, on the crank-shaft e, to which a fly-wheel f, is affixed, for 

 the purpose of rendering the action uniform. Rotatory motion being given to the 

 crank-shr.ft, the upper roller is turned, the lower roller moving at the same time by 

 the friction against the edges of the cutters. 



Fig. 429 is an end view of the rollers, showing the manner in which tho pasteboards 

 are guided and conducted between the cutters. In front of the machine a moveable 

 frame g, is to be placed, for the purpose of receiving the pasteboards, preparatory to 

 cutting them into cards, and a stop is screwed to this frame for the edge of the paste- 

 board to bear against, which stop is adjustable to suit different sizes. From the back 

 part of this frame the arm h, extends, the extremity of which acts against the periphery 

 of a ratchet wheel i, fixed at the end of the roller b, and hence, as the roller goes 

 round, tho frame is made to rise and fall upon its pivots, for the purpose of guiding 

 the pasteboard up to the cutters ; at the same time a rod k, hanging in arms from 

 the sides of the standards (shown by dots in fig. 426), falling upon the pasteboard, 

 confines it, while the cutters take hold, and racks, corresponding with the indentations 

 of the rollers, are placed as at 1 1, by means of which the cards, when cut, are pushed 

 out of the grooves. 



As various widths of card will require to be cut by this machine, the patentee pro- 

 posed to have several pairs of rollers ready adjusted to act together, when mounted in 

 the standards, in preference to shifting the circular cutters, and introducing blocks of 

 greater or less width. 



The second part of the invention is a machine for pasting the papers, and pressing 

 tho sheets together to make pasteboard. This machine consists of several reels on 

 which the paper is to be wound, along with a paste trough, and rotatory brushes. 



Damped paper is to be wound upon two reels, and conducted from thence over two 

 other reels. Two fluted rollers revolving in the paste-trough supply paste to two 

 circular brushes ; by these brushes the papers are to be pasted on one side, and then 

 pressed together by rollers to make the pasteboard ; after this, tho pasteboard is 

 drawn on to a table, and it remains there until sufficiently dry to be wound upon 

 other rollers, by which it is subjected to the necessary pressure. Cards are glazed or 

 enamelled by the use of porcelain-clay, white lead, and subnitrate of bismuth. 



CARDS (Gardes, Fr. ; Karden, Ger.) are instruments which serve to disentangle 

 the fibres of wool, cotton, or other analogous bodies, to arrange them in an orderly lap 

 of fleece, and thereby prepare them for being spun into uniform threads. The fine- 

 ness and the levelness of the yarn, as well as the beauty of the cloth into which it 

 enters, depend as much on the regularity and perfection of the carding, as upon any 

 subsequent operations of the factory. The quality of the carding depends more upon 

 that of the cards than upon any attention or skill in the operative, since it is now 

 nearly an automatic process, conducted by young women called card-tenters. 



