728 CARMEL 



A sot of blocks or types, properly devised, are produced for printing the different 

 pips of hearts, diamonds, spades, and clubs, or they are drawn, as other subjects, in 

 the usual way, upon stone. The ink, or colour, whether black or red, is to be 

 prepared from the best French lamp-black, or the best Chinese vermilion ground in oil, 

 and laid on the types and blocks, or on the stone, in the same way as printers' ink, 

 and the impressions taken on thick drawing-paper, by moans of a suitable press, 

 in the ordinary manner of printing. 



The picture or court-cards are to be produced by a series of impressions in different 

 colours, fitting into each other exactly in the same way as in printing paper hangings, 

 or silks and calicoes, observing that all the colours are to be prepared with oil. 



For this purpose a series of blocks or types are to be provided for each subject, and 

 which, when put together, will form the whole device. These blocks are to be used 

 separately, that is, all the yellow parts of the picture, for instance arc to be printed 

 at one impression, then all the red parts, next all the flesh colour, then the blue 

 portions, and so on, finishing with the black outlines, which complete the picture. 



If the same is to be done by lithography, there must be as many stones as there 

 are to be colours, each to print its portion only ; and the impression, or part of the 

 picture, given by one stone must be exactly fitted into by the impression given from 

 the next stone, and so on until the whole subject is complete. 



A superior kind of card is supposed to be made, with gold or silver devices in 

 parts of the pictures, or gold or silver borders round the pips. This is to be effected 

 by printing the lines which are to appear as gold or silver, with gilder's size, in place 

 of ink or colour ; and immediately after the impression has been given, the face of 

 the card is to be powdered over with gold-dust, silver, or bronze, by means of a soft 

 cotton or wool dabber, by which the gold, silver, or bronze will be made to adhere 

 to the picture, and the superfluous portions of the metal will wipe off by a very slight 

 rubbing. When the prints are perfectly dry, the face of the card may be polished by 

 means of a soft brush. 



If it should be desirable to make these improved cards to resemble ivory, that may 

 be done by preparing the face of the paper in the first instance with a composition of 

 size and fine French white, and a drying oil, mixed together to about the consistence of 

 cream ; this is to bo washed over the paper, and dried before printing, and when the 

 cards are finished they will exactly resemble ivory. 



The only thing remaining to be described, is the means by which the successive 

 impressions of the types, blocks, or stones forming the parts of the pictures, are to 

 be brought exactly to join each other, so as to form a perfect whole design when com- 

 plete ; this is by printers called registering, and is to be effected much in the usual 

 way, by points in the tympan of the press, or by marks upon the stones. 



The parts of the subject having been all accurately cut or drawn to fit, small holes 

 are to be made with a fine awl through a quire or more of the paper at once, by 

 placing upon the paper a gauge-plate, having marks or guide-holes, and by observing 

 these, the same sheet laid on several times, and always made to correspond with the 

 points or marks, the several parts of the picture must inevitably register, and produce 

 a perfect subject. 



In the year ended March 31, 1873, there were 1,043,384 packs of cards manu- 

 factured, on which the stamp duty of 3d. per pack was paid, producing 13,048. 11s. 



Playing cards imported at the duty fixed April 8, 1862, at 3s. Qd. per dozen packs, 

 were as follows : 



1871 1872 



Dozen packs Dozen packs 



From Belgium 31,301 5,014 50,090 6,135 



Other Countries 5,993 1,598 9,341 2,520 



37,294 6,612 59,431 8,655 



CARDAMOM. The fruit of the Elettaria Cardamomum, or the true officinal 

 cardamom. Cardamoms aro produced naturally and by cultivation in Malabar, at 

 Travancore, and the western part of Soonda. The Malabar cardamoms are distin- 

 guished in commerce as shorts, short-longs, and long-longs. The three sorts are brought 

 from Bombay in chests, the slwrts fetching from 3d. to 6d. per Ib. more than the longs. 



C ARXjE. A sort of hemp. 



CARIiOCK. The name given by the Kussians to the isinglass obtained from 

 the air-bladder of the sturgeon. 



CARZjSBAD TWINS. Large felspar crystals which are porphyritically cm- 

 bodied in a regularly constituted rock, as in the granite of Carlsbad in Bohemia, and 

 the granite of some parts of Cornwall. 



CARMEXi A substance used by confectioners for covering sweetmeats. 



