CARTHAMUS 735 



Glasgow, consists in producing the pattern either on one or both sides of the fabric, 

 by means of printed weft ; also in the use of printed party-coloured fur or weft, in the 

 manufacture of Axminster carpets and other similar fabrics. This invention is also 

 applicable to the production of figured chenille weft for the manufacture of chenille 

 shawls. Under the arrangements of the Patent Office the specifications of these 

 patents are cheaply obtained. 



CABPETS, PRINTED. Mr. Wood lias taken out a patent for weaving and printing carpets, 

 using an ordinary Brussels carpet loom. After putting in the wire, or otherwise form- 

 ing the loop, ho throws in the usual linen shoot, on the face, to bind it; and then, for 

 the back shoot, he throws in a thick soft weft. Or, to make a better edge and more 

 elastic back, he employs the ordinary two linen shoots, one on the face, and the other 

 in the back, and then (or before throwing in the second linen shoot) he draws down 

 only one-half of the lower portion of the linen warp (being one-quarter of the whole), 

 and throws in the thick shoot which is driven up by the batten or lay, so as to cover 

 the second linen shoot, which is then inside the fabric : from the thick shoot being bound 

 only by each alternate yarn of the warp, it will be more elastic than if bound more 

 cloSely by using every yarn ; while the second linen shoot, having half the warp over it, 

 holds down the face or first shoot ; and any inequality in the taking up of the linen 

 warp by one portion of it binding in a greater substance than the other, is remedied 

 by drawing down the different portions in succession. 



In printing Brussels and other pile carpets, the patentee first provides a table, long 

 enough to receive the entire length or piece of the carpet to be printed : at each end 

 of the table there is a frame of the some height or level, sufficiently long to receive the 

 cylinder printing-machine when off the fabric ; and on the surface of the table the 

 printing blanket is laid between two rails or guides, which are fixed at exactly the 

 same distance apart as the carpet is wide, so as to keep it in one position, and to form 

 the guides for the printing cylinders. The carpet is fastened to one end of the table, 

 and is then laid on the top of the same, and drawn tight at the other end by a roller, 

 which is furnished with a ratchet wheel and click. The printing cylinders are 

 mounted in a moveable frame, containing a corresponding number of colour cans and 

 feeding rollers, to supply them with colour. The printing apparatus is passed over 

 the table, and between the guide rails (the patterns on the cylinder being coloured, and 

 bearing upon the carpet), to the frame at the other end of the table, and then back 

 again ; and this process is repeated until the fabric is sufficiently coloured. In order 

 to insure each part of the pattern or printing surface coming again and again on the 

 same place, toothed wheels are affixed on the axis of the printing cylinders, which 

 gear into racks fixed on the sides of the table ; so that, however frequently the printing 

 apparatus passes over the fabric, every part of the pattern will fall on the same place. 

 Instead of the printing apparatus being passed back again over the same table, it may, 

 by the application of moveable frames at the end of the table, be moved sideways on to 

 another table, and so successively. See Kcos. 



CARPHOIiXTE. A silicate of manganese, alumina, and iron, found in the tin- 

 mines of Schlackenwald in Bohemia. 



CARPMEAXiS. The name of a coarse cloth which used to be manufactured in 

 the North of England. 



CARRAGEEN. Chondrus crispus : Irish moss. See ALGJE. 



CARRAGEEN!!?. The mucilaginous constituent of carrageen moss. It is 

 called by some writers vegetable jelly or vegetable mucilage, by others pectin. ' It 

 appears to me (Pereira) to be a peculiar modification of mucilage.' 



CARRARA IVXARBXiE. A fine-grained white marble largely quarried at 

 Carrara in Tuscany, and valued as a statuary marble. 



c ARROIiIiZTE. A sulphide of cobalt and copper. Brush regards the mineral 

 as cobaltic pyrites in which a portion of the cobalt is replaced by copper. 



GARTH AXVIT7S, or Safflower. (Carthame, Fr. ; Fdrberdistel, Ger.) Car- 

 ihamus tinctorius, the flower of which alone is used in dyeing, is an annual plant 

 cultivated in Spain, Egypt, and the Levant. There are two varieties of it one which 

 has large leaves, and the other smaller ones. It is the latter which is cultivated in 

 Egypt, where it forms a considerable article of commerce. 



Carthamus contains two colouring matters, one yellow and the other red. The first 

 alone is soluble in water : its solution is always turbid ; with reagents it exhibits the 

 characters usually remarked in yellow colouring matters. The acids render it lighter, 

 the alkalis deepen it, giving it more of an orange hue ; both produce a small dun pre- 

 cipitate, in consequence of which it becomes clearer. Alum forms a precipitate of a 

 deep yellow, in small quantity. The solution of tin and other metallic solutions cause 

 precipitates which have nothing remarkable in them. 



The yellow matter of carthamus is not employed ; but in order to extract this por- 

 tion, the carthamus is put into a bag, which is trodden under water, till no more 



