84$ COAL 



' The depth of the coal-measures at Mont St.-Gilles, Lige, I have estimated at 3,650 

 feet below the surface, and 3,250 feet below the sea level. The coal-basin at Mons 

 lies fully 1,750 feet deeper. These depressions, however, are trifling when compared 

 with that of the coal-strata of the Saar rivers (Saarbriick). After repeated trials, I 

 have found that the lowest strata known in the county of Duttweiler, near Bettingen, 

 north-eastward from Saarlouis, dip 19,406 feet, and 20,656 under the level of the sea.' 



The coal of the valley of the Glane is bituminous, and of good quality ; it is pro- 

 curable at a depth of 112 feet, and the seam is about two feet in thickness: about 

 50,000 tons annually are produced from this valley. Coal is found in Wiirtemberg, 

 but not much worked. In Saxony are extensive mines of bituminous coal ; at Schon- 

 fiold, near Zwickau, the coal alternates with porphyry. Near Dresden a bituminous 

 coal is also worked, and the coke manufactured from it is used in the metallurgical 

 works at Freiberg. 



Electoral Hesse produces little beyond lignite. In Hesse Cassel some bituminous 

 coal is worked, but to a very inconsiderable extent. Keal stone coal is only as yet 

 produced in the county of Schaumburg. It is rich in beds of brown coal. 



In the Thuringerwald or Thuringian forest some coal is produced. 



The following is a list of the coal-basins of Germany and Austria, and their situa- 

 tions : 



1. Bassin de la Worm, or de Kohl-1 



Schneider. I Both situated on the lengthening of the 



2. Bassin de 1'Inde, or d'Esch- | Belgian circle, near the Bassin de Liege. 



weiler. 



3. Bassin de Saarbriick. 



4. Bassin de la Foret-Noire. In the Grand-Duchy of Baden, 



5. Bassin de la Westphalie or de la Euhr. 



6. Le Bassin d'lbbenbiiren. 



7. Bassin de Piesberg. Near Osnabriick. 



8. Bassin d'lllefeld. To the south of the Hartz. 

 9 "I . 



. ' > Les Bassins de Wettin, Lobejun, and Plotz. 



11. Thuringerwald. Near Manebach. 



12. Gelberg. Near Ilmenau. 



13. Mordflech. Near Goldlauter. 



14. De Crock. ~] 



15. Stockeim et Neuhaus. vln the Upper Pfalz of Bavaria. 



16. Erbendorf. J 



17. Bassin de Zwickau-Chemnitz. In Saxony. 



18. Bassin de Flohaer. 



19. Bassin de Plauen. Near Dresden. 



20. Schonfield. Near Altenburg. 



21. Brandau. In Bohemia. 



22. Bassin de Radmitz. In Bohemia. 



23. Bassin de Pilsen. 



24. Bassin de Schlau-Rakonitz. 



25. Bassin de la Basse Sil^sie. In Bohemia. 



26. Bassin de la Haute Silesie. Partly in Prussia and partly in Austria. 



27. Bassin de Mahr-Ostrau. 



28. Bassin de Eossitz. In Moravia. 



The coal-pits of the most importance are in the Rhenish provinces and Westphalia, 

 in the western parts of Prussia, as well as in the province of Silesia. Among the coal- 

 basins there are three of importance : these are the basins of Upper Silesia, of the 

 Ruhr, and the Saar. Two other basins, near Waldonburg, in Lower Silesia, and near 

 Aix-la-Chapelle, in the Rhenish province, are less considerable. The basins of Wellin 

 and Lobejun in the province of Saxony, and of Ibbenbiiren in the northern part of 

 Westphalia, are of less extent. There is also some coal mining, but inconsiderable, 

 near Minden, on the Weser (in Weald clay), and near Lowenburg in Silesia. 



The brown coal of most importance is found in the eastern part of the country ; 

 that is, in the provinces of Saxony and Brandenburg. There this lignite is exceedingly 

 useful, as coals are excessively dear, owing to the cost of transporting them so great a 

 distance. 



The coal-pits of the river Ruhr extend over ten miles in length on the Lower Rhine. 

 This country supplies almost half of the coal produce, and it sends supplies to Alsatia 

 and Switzerland, to Bavaria and Thuringia, to Berlin and the seaports of the 

 Hanseatic Towns, as well as to Holland. 



