COAL 



857 



BRITISH COLUMBIA. The following is the report of Mr. Hilary Bauerman in 1860 : 



Two seams of coal, averaging six to eight feet each in thickness, occur and are 

 extensively worked for the supply of steamers plying between Victoria and Frazer's 

 River. 



The coal is a soft black lignite, of a dull earthy fracture, interspersed with small 

 lenticular bands of a bright crystalline coal, and resembles some of the duller 

 varieties of coal produced in the South Derbyshire and other central coal-fields in 

 England. 



In some places it exhibits the peculiar jointed structure, causing it to split into long 

 prisms, observable in the brown coal of Bohemia. 



For economic purposes these beds are very valuable. The coal burns very freely, 

 and yields a light pulverulent ash, giving a very small amount of slag and clinker. 



NEWFOUNDLAND COAL-FIELD. This field is estimated at about 5,000 square miles. 

 According to Mr. Jukes, formerly Director of the Geological Survey in Ireland, the 

 entire western side of the island, along a space of 356 miles in breadth, is occupied 

 by secondary and carboniferous rocks. The coal on the south-western point of the 

 island has been traced at intervals along a space of 150 to 200 miles to the north- 

 east. 



GREENLAND. Captain Scoresby discovered a regular coal-formation here. At 

 Hasen Island, lignite or brown coal has been found, and also at Disco Island on the 

 western coast. 



ARCTIC OCEAN. At Ryam Martin's Island coal-formations exist, and at Melville 

 Island several varieties of coal have been discovered, much of it being of an anthracitic 

 or of a semi-anthracitie character. We learn that at Prince Regent's Inlet indications 

 of coal have been observed. 



RUSSIAN AMERICA. Beyond the Icy Cape and at Point Barrow coal was observed 

 on the beach ; and it has been found by digging but a few feet below the surface at 

 Point Franklin. 



OREGON TERRITORY. Coal has been discovered and worked in Wallamette 

 valley, nearly 100 miles above Oregon City; and anthracite has been observed by 

 Sir George Simpson about 30 miles up one of the tributaries of the Columbia river. 



UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA. Immense deposits of cannel coal have been dis- 

 covered in the Province Rio Hacha. 



CALIFORNIA. Colonel Fremont states that a coal-formation exists in Upper 

 California, north lat. 41^, and west long. 1074 ' 'The position of this coal-formation 

 is in tho centre of the Rocky Mountain chain, and its elevation is 820 feet above the 



