958 COTTON FACTORY 



0, tho mules are hero represented by their roller beams, and the outlines of their 

 head-stocks, as placed in the 5th and 6th stories. 



H, the looms, with their driving pulleys projecting from tho ends cf their main axes. 

 Sometimes the looms are placed in, parallel straight lines, with tho rigger pulleys of 

 tho one alternately projected mom than the other, to permit the free play of the 

 driving-bolta ; sometimes tho looms are placed, as generally in this engraving, alter- 

 nately to the right and left, by a small space, when the pulleys may all project equally. 

 The former plan is the one adopted in Mr. Orrell's mill. 



1. represents the cast-iron girders which support the floors of this fire-proof 

 building. 



K, K, are closets placed in each floor, in the recesses of a kind of pilasters built 

 against the outside of the edifice. These hollow shafts are joined at top by horizontal 

 pipes, which all terminate in a chest connected with the suction axes of a fan, whereby 

 a constant draught of air circulates up the shafts, ventilates the apartments, and pre- 

 vents the reflux of offensive effluvia from the water-closets, however careless the work- 

 people may bo. The closets towards the one end of the building are destined for tho 

 men ; towards the other for tho women. 



i, L, are the staircases, of a horse-shoe form, the interior space or shaft in the middle 

 being used for the teagle or hoist. In the posterior part of the shaft a niche or groove 

 is left for tho counter-weight to slide in, out of the way of the ascending and descend- 

 ing platform. 



M, M, are the two porters' lodges, connected to the corner of each wing by a hand- 

 some iron balustrade. They are joined by an iron gate. 



It will be observed that the back loom-shed has only one story, as shown in section 

 (fig. 540). In the ground plan of the shed, N represents the roofing, of wood-work. 

 The rafters of the floors rest at their ends upon an iron plate, or shoo with edges (as 

 it is called), for the girders to bear upon. 



The power for driving tho machinery is conveyed from the engine-rooms by shafting 

 in the iisual manner. To tho horizontal ramifications from the upright shaft any 

 desired velocity of rotation may bo given by duly proportioning the diameters of tho 

 bevelled wheels of communication between them ; thus, if tho wheel on the end of tho 

 horizontal shaft have one-half or one-third the diameter of the other, it will give it a 

 double or a triple speed. 



In the lowest floor, the second bevel wheel above the stone block drives tho hori- 

 zontal shaft e, seen in the ground plan ; and thereby the horizontal shaft /, at right 

 angles to the former, which runs throughout the length of the building, as the other 

 diil through its breadth, backwards. The shaft f lies alongside of the back window 

 wall, near the ceiling ; and from it the transverse slender shafts proceed to the right 

 and left in the main building, and to the shed behind it, each of them serving to drive 

 two lines of looms. These slender or branch shafts are mounted with pulleys, each of 

 which drives four looms by four separate bands. 



In the second and third floors, where the throstles are placed, the shaft d is seen in 

 the section to drive the following shafts : 



Upon the main upright shaft d (fig. 540), there are in each of these stories two 

 horizontal bevel wheels, with their faces fronting each other (shown plainly over d d~), 

 by which are moved two smaller vertical bevel wheels, on whose respective axes aro 

 two parallel shafts, one over each other, g g, which traverse the whole length of the 

 building. These two shafts move therefore with equal velocities, and- in opposite 

 directions. They run along the middle space of each apartment ; and wherever they 

 pass tho rectangular lino of two throstle frames (as shown at F in the ground plan) 

 they are each provided with a pulley ; while tho steam pulleys on the axes of two 

 contiguous throstles in one line are placed as far apart as tho two diameters of the 

 said shaft-pulleys. An endless strap goes from the pulley of the uppermost horizontal 

 shaft round tho steam or driving-pulley of one throstle frame ; then up over the pulley 

 g, tho second or lower shaft, g ; next up over the steam pulley of a second throstle ; 

 and, lastly, up to the pulley of the top shaft, g. Seo g g in the throstle floors of the 

 cross section. 



In tho preparation room, three horizontal shafts are led pretty close to the ceiling 

 through the whole length of the building. The middle one, A (see tho plan, fig. 538) 

 is driven immediately by bevel wheels from the main ilpright shaft d ( fig. 539). Tho 

 two side ones i, t, which run near tho window walls, are driven by two horizontal 

 shafts, which lead to these side shafts. The latter are mounted with pulleys, in 

 correspondence with the steam pulleys of tho two lines of carding engines, as seen 

 between tho cards in the plan. The middle shaft h, drives the two lines of bobbin 

 and fly frames, E, K, E, K (see cross section), and short shafts ?', i, seen in tho cross 

 section of this floor, moved from the middle shaft A, turning the gallows fixed to the 



