1008 



CRANES 



COURT PILASTER. Silk or some similar fabric covered on one sido -with isin- 

 glass in spirits of wine, with some Benzoin or gum Benjamin. 



COW-DUNG is employed in the processes of dunging in Calico-printing. 



cow DUNG SUBSTITUTE. The sulphate, carbonate, and phosphate of lime 

 and soda. See CALICO-FEINTING. 



co WDIE PINE. Cowrie or Kaurie Pine. The Dammara australis, a native of 

 New Zealand, producing timber which is much valued for making masts and long 

 spars of great strength. This pine also yields the gum-resin known as Cowrie gum, 

 used in the preparation of certain varnishes. 



CRANBERRY. The red acid fruit of the Oxycoccus palustris. The 0. macro- 

 carpus is the American variety. The fruit is preserved in water, and largely used. 



CRANES, Tubular. Among the many applications of the hollow-girder system, 

 this is one of the most ingenious. 



Fig. 684 is a vertical section of a crane, constructed according to a recent invention, 

 and calculated for lifting or hoisting weights up to about 8 tons. Fig. 685, is an 

 elevation of the same; figs. 586, 587, 588, and 589, are cross-sections, on the lines a b, 

 c d, ef,g h ; and. Jiff. 590, a transverse vertical section on the line i k. A A is the jib, 

 which in its general outline, is of a crane-neck form, but rectangular in its cross- 

 section, as particularly shown in^s. 587, 588, and 589. The four sides are formed 

 of metal plates, firmly riveted together. Along the edges the connection of the 



585 



592 



plates Is effected by means of pieces of angle iron. The connection of the plates at 

 the cross-joints on the convex or upper sido of the jib are made by the riveting on of 

 a plate, which covers or overlaps the ends of the two plates to be joined ; the rivets at 



