CYSTINE 



1021 



apple, was fermented by itself without any previous fermentation in the mash, and 

 afforded an excellent strong cyder, which kept well. 



When the must of the apples is weak or sour, good cyder cannot be made from it 

 without the addition of some saccharine matter. The syrup into which potato farina 

 is convertible by diastase (saccharine ferment, see STARCH and SUOAB), would answer 

 well for enriching poor apple juice. 



The value of apples to produce this beverage of good quality is proportionate to the 

 specific gravity of their juice. M. Couverchel has given the following table, illus- 

 trative of that proposition : water being 1000 : 



Juice of the green renette, queen apple (reinette verte) has a spec. grav. 1094 

 English renette . ' 1080 



Red renetto 

 Musk renette . 

 Fouillet raye . 

 Orange apple . 

 Renette of Caux 



1072 

 1069 

 106-i 

 1063 

 1060 



Cyder apples may be distributed into three classes : the sweet, the bitter, and the 

 sour. The second are the best ; they afford a denser juice, richer in sugar, which 

 clarifies well, and when fermented keeps a long time ; the juice of sweet apples is 

 difficult to clarify ; but that of the sour ones makes bad cyder. Late apples are in 

 general to be preferred. With regard to the proper soil for raising apple-trees, the 

 reader may consult with advantage an able essay upon ' The Cultivation of Orchards 

 and the Making of Cyder and Pern 7 ,' by Frederick Falkner, Esq., in the fourth 

 volume of the ' Royal Agricultural Journal.' He adverts judiciously to the necessity 

 of the presence of alkaline and earthy bases in the soils of all deciduous trees, and 

 especially of such as produce acid fruits. 



CYMElffE. C 20 H" (C 10 H"). A hydrocarbon obtained from the essential oil 

 of cumin (Cuminum cyminum), and from other sources. Thus it may be prepared by 

 the action of either chloride of zinc or pentachloride of phosphorus on camphor or on 

 myristicol. The varieties of cymene have been lately studied by Dr. Wright (Journ. 

 Chcm. Soc., July 1873, p. 686). 



CYlVlOIiE. C 2I H U (C 2I H- S ). Syn. Camphogen. A hydrocarbon found in oil 

 of oumin and in coal naphtha. See CABBURETTKD HYDROGEN. 



CYIVIOPHAWE. A variety of Chrysoberyl, which exhibits a peculiar milky or 

 opalescent appearance. When cut en cabochon, it shows a white floating band of light, 

 and is much prized as a ring stone. See CHRYSOBERYL. 



CYPRINE. A pale blue mineral coloured by copper, now considered to be a 

 variety of idocrase. It occurs at Tellemarkin Norway. 



CYSTIWE. An alkaloid obtained from the laburnum (Cytisus laburnum). 



EXD OF THE FIRST VOLUME. 



IX>SDOS : PIUS-TED BY 



SVOTTISWOODK AXD CO.. KEW-STKEET SQUARB 

 AXD PABLIAMEST STREET 



