264 



EMERY 



mica-slate. A similar rock forms tho matrix of the emerald found in the Habachthal, 

 in Salzburg. From this locality some interesting specimens were exhibited in tho 

 Austrian Department of the International Exhibition of 1862. Those were stated to 

 be found in a steep cliff, at an altitude of 8,700 feet. Masses of rock containing 

 emeralds having fallen into the neighbouring valley, this locality was discovered, and 

 it is now worked by the possessor, S. Goldschmidt of Vienna. 



The Oriental Emerald is an Indian Stone, entirely distinct from the common emerald 

 described in this article ; it is, indeed, a green transparent variety of corundum, differ- 

 ing, therefore, from the sapphire and ruby only in colour. From its extreme rarity, 

 and its great hardness, tho oriental stone is very highly prized, although far inferior in 

 point of colour to the common emerald. 



EIYIERAIiiD 'COPPER. Dioptase, a hydrous silicate of copper See COPPER. 



ETVTERAIiB GREETS. Scheele's arsenical green. See COPPER. 



XZMERAXiD NICKEIi. A native hydrocarbonate of nickel. See NICKEL. 



ElMERALDINE. See ANILINE GREEN. 



EMERY (timeri, Fr.; Schmergel, Ger.). This mineral was long regarded as an ore 

 of iron, and was called by Haiiy, for oxide quartzifere. It is, however, a massive 

 granular, or compact variety of corundum, more or less impure. It is very abundant 

 in the island of. Naxos, at Cape Emeri, whence its name. From this place it is 

 imported in large quantities. It is said to be found in Jersey ; it occurs, though rare, 

 in Spain, Poland, Saxony, Sweden, Persia, and a few other places. Its colour varies 

 from red brown to dark brown : its specific gravity is about 4 ; it is so hard as to 

 scratch quartz and many precious stones. 



We have accounts of emery discoveries in the United States, but nearly all that is 

 used at present in the arts comes from Turkey, near ancient Smyrna. Dr. Lawrence 

 Smith, an American geologist, made a discovery of a deposit of emery while residing 

 in Smyrna, and he made, an examination of the locality in 1847. Dr. Smith having 

 reported his discoveries to the Turkish Government, a commission of enquiry was 

 instituted, and the business soon assumed a mercantile form. The monopoly of the 

 emery of Turkey was sold to a mercantile house in Smyrna, and since then the price 

 has diminished in the market. 



The following analyses are quoted by Dana, from an elaborate paper by J. Law- 

 rence Smith, in the ' American Journal of Science ' : 



Valuable deposits of corundum, a purer form of alumina than emery, have recently 

 been discovered in the United States. The following description of the Corundum of 

 North Carolina, Georgia, and Montana, is by Mr. J. Lawrence Smith : 



' The corundum formations in North Carolina and Georgia are the second in impor- 

 tance in the United States that have been brought to my notice; and the one in North 

 Carolina is by far the most interesting in this country, and perhaps of any yet known, 

 in the extent of the formation, tho distribution of the corundum, and tho purity of 

 the mineral. 



' This mineral was first discovered in North Carolina in 1846 about the time I 

 was engaged in developing tho geology of emery in Asia Minor and tho Grecian 

 Archipelago ; and upon communicating to American geologists my discoveries in 

 relation to the associate-minerals of tho emery in Asia Minor, and directing them to 

 search for the same in connection with tho corundum found in different parts of 

 America, the same associates were discovered in connection vith tho North Carolina 

 corundum as well as that from other localities. 



'At this time there had been discovered but one detached block, but no ntlu-r 

 specimen could be found in that locality. There tho matter rested until 1865, wln-n 

 Mr. C. D. Smith (to whom I am indebted for valuable information contained in this 

 paper), assistant of Professor Emmons, geologist of North Carolina, had brought to 



