324 



FAIKES OR FAKES 



Of extracts of bark and other vegetal >le rmbstvuicos used for tanning or dyeing we 

 exported in the same year to tlio value of 8,794J., of unonumerated extracts to the 

 value of 3,089^., and of extract of malt to the value of 25 J. 



EXTTVXJE. Cast vskins, shells, or coverings of animals which are shed or cast 

 off, as the skins of serpents or caterpillars, the shells of lobsters, and the like. In 

 geology, the shells and other similar remains of animals found in the rocks. 



J'ACETTIXJG. The process of cutting faces upon ornamental articles, 

 jewellery, such as beads, studs, buttons, the ornaments on the hilts of dress-swords 

 nnd similar objects, are ground on horizontal laps with fine emery. Facets on gold 

 and silver are cut and polished on revolving wheels, after the same general method 

 is that pursued by the lapidary for cutting facets on stones. 



FACTORY. In the sense in which this term is introduced hero, it is contracted 

 from ' manufactory;' meaning the place where workmen are employed in fabricating 

 goods. To describe nil the various factories would bo to describe all the different 

 manufactures, or at least, the arrangements of the machines by which the raw material 

 is converted into marketable goods. The arrangements of a cotton factory fairly 

 represent all the arrangements for other branches of textile manufactures. Under 

 SILK, WOOL, &e., will be found particulars of the machines used and their general 

 arrangements in these factories respectively. See COTTON FACTORY. 



FJECUIiA, See FECULA. 



F AHXiERZ, F AHXiXTE, or F AH I. -ORE. A mineral known also as Grey Copper 

 ore, and Tetrahedrite ; the latter name referring to the common occurrence of this ore in 

 tetrahedral crystals belonging to the cubic system. The chemical composition offahlerz 

 varies greatly in different specimens, but, speaking broadly, it may be said to bo a 

 double sulphide of copper and antimony ; the antimony, however, may be replaced to 

 a greater or less extent by the isomorphous elements arsenic and bismuth, whilst 

 the copper maybe replaced in like manner by iron, zinc, silver, or mercury. We may 

 thus recognise an antimonial series and an arsenical series, these being connected by 

 an arsenio-antimonial and a bismutho-arsenico-antimonial series. Many varieties of 

 fahlerz contain sufficient silver to render them important as silver ores, and these 

 argentiferous varieties have been described under the names of Polytelite and Freibcrgite. 

 The following analyses are selected with the view of showing some of the variations 

 presented in the composition of different forms of fahlerz : 



I. From Kapnik, in Transylvania; by H. Rose. II. From Kottcrl.aeh, war Iglo ; 

 by Vom Rath. III. From Foxdalo silver-lend mine, Isle of Man ; by David Forbes. 

 IV. From the Habachtfund mine, Freiberg, Saxony; by II. Rose. See Corn;u. 



FAHXiUIOTTZ:. An altered form of the mineral called Mite or Dichroite. 



FAIENCE or FAYEMTCXS. An old French term, nearly corresponding in moan- 

 ing with our household word ' crockery.' It is now commonly applied by collectors t.< > all 

 the finer kinds of earthenware. Some authorities maintain that tho word is derived 

 from the town of Faenza, near Bologna. It is known that Majolica or Raffaello ware 

 was made at an early date at Faonza, and hence Majolica is sometimes distinguished 

 as 'Faenza' ware. But this is a very different material from what is now commonly 

 called Faience. See MAJOLICA. 



FAUCES or FAKES. A miner's term in Scotland for fissile sandy shales, or 

 sandstone possessing a shale-like structure. Dark bituminous shales are called Macs, 

 and the two varieties are thus distinguished. 



