FLAX 



435 



roller b to its weight lever c; II, the screws or worm shaft for carrying the gill bar 

 d d ; m m, the shaft with bovel wheels by which the screws at opposite sides of the 

 frame are caused to move simultaneously ; n n, pinions for connecting the upper and 

 lower spirals of each pair; oo, the cams or excentrics for lowering and raising the gill 

 bars ; p p, weighted guide lever or bell cranks for guiding the faller in its descent, and 

 moderating the shock caused by its weight when coming in contact with the lower 

 slide or support ; q and r, worm and wheel for bell motion ; s, t, u, v, w, x, line of 

 wheels from pulley to front roller and from front roller to back; 1, 2, 3, line of gear- 

 ing from back roller to sheet ; 4, 5, 6, 7, line of gearing from roller to delivering 

 roller ; 8, from roller to brush ; y y, from back shaft to back roller. 



The machines for the second, third, and fourth drawings, though in principle 

 essentially the same, yet differ in some of their minor details from the foregoing, as 

 they do not require the feeding sheet to supply them, the sliver, from the spreader, 

 having sufficient coherence to allow itself to be drawn from the cans direct by the 

 back rollers of these machines ; neither is a bell motion requisite to determine the 

 length of slivers produced by them. The subjoined sketches show the general parts 

 requisite. 



A A. (figs. 956, 957), framing; E, driving pulley; c, support of sliver carrier; D, 

 roller for carrying sliver; E, conductors ; F, can containing the slivers from the first 

 drawing; G, receiving can; HH, the hackle carrying spirals; i, the diagonal or 



957 





doubling bars ; K, the delivering rollers ; L, the drawing rollers ; m, m, m, the retaining 

 rollers. 



The roving frame is the same in regard to the arrangement of its back and front 

 rollers and gills as the drawing frames ; and, as the position and manner of regulating 

 the poles are generally the same as adopted for cotton, the description of these parts, 

 therefore, does not require to be repeated ; but an improvement patented a few years 

 since by Sir P. Fairbairn, of Leeds, of that part of these frames which relates to 

 regulating the taking-up movement of the bobbin merits particular attention, as by it 

 the inconveniences of the older method of a weighted belt and cone, and those of the 

 more recent disc frames, are entirely overcome. The principle of this improvement 

 consists of driving a pulley by pressure between two discs running at equal speeds in 

 opposite directions, as seen at figs. 958, 959, 960. 



To obtain the variable speed, instead of using a cone and belt as in i-ome frames, or 

 the pulley and single disc as in others, we have the following parts : a b, the horizontal 

 driving discs ; the lower one a is keyed to the shaft d, while the upper b is free to 

 turn upon it ; i, bevel wheel fitted to or forming one piece with the upper disc b ; c, bevel 

 wheel keyed to shaft d e, intermediate bevel wheel gearing in the bevel wheels 

 c and i, so as to turn them in opposite directions, and consequently the discs to 

 which they are directly or indirectly attached ; g, the variable pulley covered with 

 leather and resting upon the lower disc , and itself pressed upon by the weight 



FF 2 



