524 FUSTIAN 



Names Centigrade. 



Bismuth 202 



Lead 320 



Zinc 360 



Antimony 432 



Bronze 900 



Silver, very pure 1000 



Standard gold 1180 



Very fine gold 1250 



White cast iron, very fusible 1050 



White cast iron, second fusion 1200 



Grey cast iron, very fusible 1100 



Grey cast iron, second fusion 1200 



Manganosed cast iron 1250 



The more fusible steels 1 300 



The less fusible steels 1400 



Soft iron (French) 1600 



English hammered iron 1600 



FUSIBLE MET Ali. This alloy owes its peculiar property of melting at a com- 

 paratively low temperature to the presence of bismuth. 



8 parts of bismuth, 5 of lead, 3 of tin . . melt at 212 F. 



2 do. 1 do. 1 do. . . do. 201 F. 



5 do. 3 do. 2 do. . do. 199? F. 



8 do. 5 do. 4 of tin, and one of type metal is an alloy 



much used on the Continent for producing casts of metals by the clichee process. A 



mixture of bismuth, lead, tin, and antimony is used in this country for obtaining 



copies from wood-blocks. Mr. Cowper used 1 of bismuth and 2 of tin to make the 



alloy most suitable for rose engine and excentric turned pattern, to be printed from 



after the manner of letter-press. A good fusible alloy consists of cadmium 2 parts, 



bismuth 8 parts, tin 2 parts, lead 4 parts ; melts at 160 F. 



The soft solders used by pewterers consist of tin, lead, and bismuth in various 

 proportions ; indeed, bismuth enters to a greater or a less extent into all the soft 

 solders. 



Fusible metal has also been employed as a sort of safety valve for steam-boilers. 

 By adjusting the proportions of the above-named metals, an alloy can be made which 

 will melt at any required temperature ; therefore, when the boiler rose to this tem- 

 perature, the metal plug gave way and the steam escaped. See ALLOY. 



FUSTIAN 1 is a species of coarse thick tweeled cotton, and is generally dyed of an 

 olive, leaden, or other dark colour. Besides the common fustian, which is known by 

 the name of pillow (probably pilaw), the cotton stuffs called corduroy, velveret, vel- 

 veteen, and thickset, used for men's wearing apparel, belong to the same fabric. The 

 commonest kind is merely a tweel of four, or sometimes five leaves, of a very close 

 stout texture,, and very narrow, seldom exceeding 17 or 18 inches in breadth. It is 

 cut from the loom in half pieces, or ends as they are usually termed, about 35 y;mls 

 long, and after undergoing the subsequent operations of dyeing, dressing, and folding, 

 is ready for the market. 



The draught and cording of common fustian is very simple, being generally a 

 regular or unbroken twecl of four or five leaves. Below are examples of a few 

 different kinds, selected from those most general in Lancashire. 



The number of leaves of toddles are represented by the lines across the paper, and 

 the cording by the cyphers in the little squares, those which raise every leaf being 

 distinguished by these marks, and those which sink them left blank, as more particu- 

 larly explained in the article TEXTILE FABRIC. 



When the material is silk, it is called velvet ; when cotton, velveteen. A common 

 tweeled cloth, when composed of silk is called satin ; when of cotton, fustian or jcnn ; 

 of woollen, plaiding, serge, or kerseymere. 



No. 1. Pillow Fustian. No. 2. Plain Velveret 



I U I I I I * 6 1 I 1 | 



5 



Of the above, each contains four leaves of hcddlos or hcalds: that represented I'.v 

 No. 1 is wrought by four treddlcs, and that which is distinguished by No. 2, by live ; 



