530 GADOLINITE 



application, and where the tamping is of a soft and homogeneous character, and is 

 cautiously packed into the hole. In such circumstances it may be usefully employed. 



Patent Safety Fuze. This fuze is adapted for all blasting in dry ground, being 

 made with an ample quantity of the best materials. When kept at a moderate 

 temperature and carefully used, its operation is certain. 



Ditto (2). This is the same fuze as the preceding, and is only adapted to the 

 same kind of blasting, but is specially varnished for any given climate. That 

 varnish which is suitable for a cold country becomes soft and sticky if exposed to 

 much heat ; while that which is suitable for a hot country becomes hard and brittle if 

 exposed to great cold. This inconvenience is remedied, as far as possible, by the 

 special preparation of the varnish to suit any given temperature. 



Patent Taped Sump Fuze, This fuze is adapted for use in wet ground, and is 

 specially protected so as to operate effectively even when the tamping is saturated 

 with water. In such cases the charge of gunpowder should bo placed in a cartridge, 

 the end of the fuze should be inserted into the centre of the charge, and the junction 

 of the fuze with the cartridge should bo properly protected with a waterproof varnish. 

 If employed in this manner, its certain operation is warranted. 



Patent Double-Taped Sump Fuze. This fuze is covered with a second coating of 

 tape and varnish, and is intended for blasting in very wet ground. 



Patent Gutta-Percha Fuze. This fuze is adapted to sub-aqueous blasting. 



Patent Taped Gutta-Percha Fuze. This is the same fuze as the last, and is adapted 

 to the same use and duty ; but, having an exterior coating of tape and varnish which 

 delays the oxidation of the gutta-percha, it retains its efficiency for a much longer 

 time. It is therefore well adapted for service in distant countries. 



In all sub-aqueous operations great care must be taken that the union of the fuze 

 and cartridge be by a perfectly water-tight joint, and the fuze must bo strengthened 

 as much as possible both at and near the place of junction, else its swaying to and 

 fro is very likely to break the joint, which would allow the water to soak into the 

 charge. 



G 



CABBRO. An Italian name originally applied to a serpentine containing 

 diallage, but now extended to a class of rocks consisting essentially of a triclinic 

 felspar and an augite. The felspathic mineral is generally either labradorite or 

 anorthite, but is in some cases represented by Saussurite ; whilst the augitic con- 

 stituent is cither diallage or smaragdite. Hypersthene-rocks are also included by 

 some writers under the term of gabbro. 



G-ABI AW OXXi. A mineral naphtha exuding from a bituminous shale at Gabian 

 in Languedoc. 



CABROirZTE, is a yellowish stony substance of a greasy lustre. This mineral 

 is distinguished by the large quantity of soda which it contains ; its constituents 

 being, silica, 54; alumina, 24; soda, 17'25 ; magnesia, 1'5; oxide of iron, 1'25; 

 water, 2. It is most probably a variety of Scapolite. 



GAD. A miner's tool ; a pointed wedge having its sides of a parabolic figure. 



6ADZD2C. The cod-fish family. This family of fishes is one of great importance 

 to man. The value of the fisheries established in various parts of the northern seas 

 is very great. The common cod, Morrhua vulgaris, is one of the most important 

 species of this family. The catching and curing of this fish give employment to 

 thousands. The haddock (Morrhua aglcfinus) is nearly allied to, although smallei 

 than, the cod. The coal-fish (Mcrlangus carbonarius) is much less valuable than either 

 the cod or haddock. It 5s ;i coarse fish, and derives its name from the dusky pigment 

 which tinges the skin, and soils the fingers like moist coal. The whiting (Mcrlanyvs 

 vulgaris} is a well-known fish, forming a delicate article of food. The hake or stock 

 fish (Merlucius vulgaris) is caught very abundantly on our southern coasts, and forms 

 a valuable article of food ; prejudice alone keeps it from taking its place at the tables 

 of the wealthier classes. The ling (Lota molva) is caught in abundance around the 

 Scilly Isles and the coast of Scotland, forming a considerable article of commerce. 

 The torsk (Jlrosmius brosmc} is found in prrat quantity around the Shetland 

 where it is much prized. The best cod-liver oil is obtained from the livers of this 

 fish. See COD. 



GABOI.IWITE, called also Yttritc and YtterbyiU, is a mineral of a Mark, 

 brownish, or yellowish colour, granular, or compact, with vitreous find conchoidal 

 fracture ; of sp, gr. 4'0 to 4'6, readily scratching glass ; at the blowpipe it forms an 



