GAS, COAL 



559 



The Sude burner consists of 2 or 3 concentric argand rings perforated in tho 

 manner just described. It is well adapted for producing a largo body of very intense 

 light with a comparatively moderate consumption of gas. 



Winfieldts argand. The chief distinction between this and the ordinary argand 

 burner consists in the introduction of a metallic button above the annulus, so as to 

 cause the internal current of air to impinge against the flame. A peculiarity in the shape 

 of the glass chimney, as seen in the figure, produces tho same effect upon the outer 

 current of air. See fig. 1013. 



Guise's argand contains 26 holes in a ring, the inner diameter of which is '6 inch, 

 and the outer diameter I'D inch. Like the "Winfield burner, it has a metal button J- 

 an inch in diameter, and 1 inch above tho annulus. Tho glass chimney, which is 

 cylindrical, is 2 inches in diameter and 6 inches long. 



1013 1014 



1015 



1016 



Leslie's argand consists, as seen in the figure (fig. 1014), of a series of fine tubes 

 arranged, in a circle by which a more uniform admixture of air with the gas is effected. 

 A sufficient current of air for all these argand burners can only be obtained by the 

 use of a glass chimney, the rapidity of the current depending upon the height of the 

 chimney. In the Leslie's argand the height of the chimney is especially adapted to 

 the amount of light required, and in order to consume gas economically, this point 

 must be attended to in all argand burners. 



Brenner's burners, introduced by Messrs. Greene and Son, have lately attracted 

 attention. The accompanying illustrations show the principle of this patent burner. 

 Fig. 1015 is a section, and Fig. 1016 a full-sized drawing, 

 from which it may be seen that, instead of the gas being 

 admitted through a large opening and emitted through 

 two small ones, as in the ordinary fish-tail burner, it 

 is made to pass through a small aperture at the bottom 

 into a circular chamber, and thence through a larger 

 opening at the top, thus obviating all undue and vari- 

 able pressure, the gas being fully consumed as it is 

 emitted from the burner, instead of being forced through 

 into the atmosphere partly unconsumed, to the injury 

 of both health and furniture, &c. &c. By this method 

 the disagreeable hissing noise, which is often noticed in 

 the ordinary burner, is done away with, and the light 

 given is pure, brilliant, and steady, of a whitish yellow 

 instead of a bluish yellow flame, a very great improve- 

 ment. That these burners, through improved com- 

 bustion, produce a saving in the consumption of gas of 

 from 20 to 40 per cent., is proved by the following 

 facts: 



At the King's Cross station, Great Northern Eailway, 

 the saving in gas for six months was 1,072,000 cubic 



feet. A proportionately satisfactory result has also been obtained on tho Metro- 

 politan, the Great Western, the North London, the Great Eastern, the London, 

 Chatham, and Dover, and other railways. At the Clock-tower, in the Houses of 

 Parliament, 182,800 cubic feet were saved in one year, equivalent to nearly 501. 

 These burners are made of brass, having the top and bottom parts in which the 

 orifices are of steatite, an incorrodible substance, and therefore a great improvement 

 on the ordinary burners, and in eleven different sizes, from 1 to 8, corresponding 

 to the number of cubic feet of gas per hour, while they are warranted not to exceed 

 in consumption in any ordinary working pressure. 



