618 



GAS-WORKS 



with feed-heads, agitators, valves, and connections, raised for the lime-liquor to run 

 from one purifier to the next below it, and ultimately into the refuse-lime pits ; viz, 

 A, section of wash vessel ; u, section of purifier ; c, elevation of purifier. 



A Table of the number of hours Gas is burnt in each month, quarter, and year. 



For Sundays off, deduct one seventh. 



ECONOMICAL AND S AN IT AH Y RELATIONS OP GAS. 



In a lecture delivered at the Koyal Institution in 1853, Dr. Frankland thus estimates 

 the comparative cost of an amount of light from various sources equal to that yielded 

 by 20 sperm candles, each burning 120 grains per hour for 10 hours: 



i. d. 



Wax 7 2^ 



Spermaceti 68" 



Tallow . 28 



Sperm oil (Carcel's lamp) 10 



London gases : City, Groat Central, Imperial, and 



Chartered 4 



Western 2 



Manchester gas . . . 03 



The following table exhibits the amount of carbonic acid and heat produced per 

 hour from the above sources of light, the heat generated by tallow being assumed to 

 be 100 for the purposes of comparison : 



Carbonic Acid. 

 Cubic Feet 



Tallow 



Wax ~\ 



Spermaceti J 

 Sperm oil (Carcel's lamp) 

 London gases: City! 

 Great Central I 

 Imperial * 



Chartered J 

 Western 



10-1 

 8-3 



6-0 



Heat 

 100 



82 



47 



3-0 



Manchester gas 4'0 



22 

 32 



Notwithstanding the great economy and convenience attending the use of gas, and 

 in a sanitary point of view, the high position which, as an illuminating agent, coal- 

 gas of proper composition occupies, its use in dwelling-houses is still extensively ob- 

 jected to. The objections are partly well founded and partly groundless. As is 

 evident from the foregoing table, oven the worst gases produce, for a given amount 

 of light, less carbonic acid and heat, than either lamps or candles. But then, whore 

 gas is used, the consumer is never satisfied with a light equal in brilliancy only to that 

 of lamps or candles, and consequently, when three or four times the amount of light 

 is produced from a gas of bad composition, the heat and atmospheric deterioration 

 greatly exceed the corresponding effects produced by the other means of illumination. 

 There is, nevertheless, a real objection to the employment of gaslight in apartments, 

 founded upon the production of sulphurous acid during its combustion ; this sulphu- 

 rous acid is derived from bisulphuret of carbon, and the organic sulpnur-compound.s, 

 which have already been referred to as incapable of removal from the gas by the 

 present methods of purification. 



