C12 GIN 



In case it is desired to produce what is called a dond appearance, it may be por- 

 formed by several processes: the ono usually employed is to dead tin* articles in l.lio 

 process of cleaning, afl prarti; -ed by brass founders and other trades ; it is produei-d l.y 

 ;m acid, prepared for that purpose, sold by the makers under the term '(leading 

 aquafortis,' which is well UIK In-stood. 



It may also be produced by a weak .solution of nitrate of mercury, applied to tho 

 articles previous to the gilding process, as is practised in tho process of gilding with 

 mercury, previous to spreading the amalgam, but generally a much weaker solui ion ; 

 or the articles having been gilded may be dipped in a solution of nitrate of moreury, 

 and submitted to heat to expel tho same, as is practised in the usual process of 

 gilding. 



Cold gilding. Sixty grains of fine gold and 12 of rose copper are to be dissolved in 

 two ounces of aqua regia. When the solution is completed, it is to bo dropped on 

 clean linen rags, of such bulk as to absorb all tho liquid. They arc then dried, and 

 burned into ashes. Those ashes contain the gold in powder. 



When a piece is to be gilded, after subjecting it to the preliminary operations of 

 softening or annealing and brightening, it is rubbed with a moistened cork, dipped in 

 the above powder, till tho surface seems to be sufficiently gilded. Large works are 

 thereafter burnished with pieces of hematite, and small ones with steel burnishers, 

 along with soap water. 



In gilding small articles, as buttons, with amalgam, a portion of this is taken equi- 

 valent to the work to be done, and some nitrate-of-mercury solution is added to it in 

 a wooden trough ; the whole articles are now put in, and well worked about witli a 

 hard brush, till their surfaces are equably coated. They are then washed, dried, and 

 put together into an iron frying-pan, and heated till the mercury begins to fly off, 

 when they are turned out into a cap, in which they are tossed and well stirred about 

 with a painter's brush. The operation must be repeated several times for a strong 

 gilding. The surfaces are finally brightened by brushing them along with small 

 beer or ale grounds. 



For the processes of gilding by electro-chemical means, see ELECTRO-METALLURGY. 



GXIVZP, or &1TMP, a silk, woollen, or cotton twist, with often a metallic wire, 

 but sometimes a coarse thread running through it ; it is much used in coat-lace 

 making. 



GIN 1 , or Geneva, from Genievre (juniper), is an ardent spirit manufactured in 

 London, and other places, in great quantities, and flavoured generally with juniper- 

 berries. It is also made in Holland, and hence called Hollands gin in this country, 

 to distinguish it from British gin. The materials employed in the distilleries of 

 Schiedam are, two parts of unmalted rye from Riga, weighing about 54 Ibs. per bushel, 

 and one part of malted bigg, weighing about 37 Ibs. per bushel. Tho mash-tun, 

 which serves also as the fermenting tun, has a capacity of nearly 700 gallons, being 

 about 5 feet in diameter at the mouth, rather narrower at the bottom, and 4 \ ftrt 

 deep ; the stirring apparatus is an oblong rectangular iron grid made fast to the end 

 of a wooden pole. About a barrel, = 36 gallons of water, at a temperature of from 

 162 to 168 (the former heat being best for the highly-dried rye), are put into the 

 mash tun for every 1 * cwt. of meal, after which the malt is introduced and stirred, 

 and lastly the rye is added. Powerful agitation is given to tho magma till it becomes 

 quite uniform ; a process which a vigorous workman piques himself upon executing in 

 the course of a few minutes. The mouth of the tun is immediately covered over with 

 canvas, and further secured with a close wooden lid, to confine the heat ; it is loft in 

 this state for two hours. The contents being then stirred up once more, the trans- 

 parent spent wash of a preceding mashing is first added, and next as much cold water 

 as will reduce tho temperature of the whole to about 85 F. The best Inlander- 

 which had been brought, for tho sake of carriage, to a doughy consistence by pressure, 

 is now introduced to tho amount of ono pound to every 100 gallons of the mashed 

 materials. 



The gravity of tho fresh wort is usually from 33 to 38 Ibs. per Dicas' hydrometer; 

 and the fermentation is carried on from 48 to 60 hours, at the end of which time tho 

 attenuation is from 7 to 4 Ibs., that is, tho specific gravity of the supernatant wash is 

 from 1-007 to 1-004. 



The distillers are induced, by the scarcity of beer-barm in Holland, to skim off a 

 quantity of the yeast from the fermenting tuns, and to sell it to tho bakers, wlion-by 

 they obstruct materially tho production of spirit, though they probably impn>vi! 

 its quality, by preventing its impregnation with yensty partieles; an unpleasant 

 result which seldom fails to take place in the whisky distilleries of the United 

 Kingdom. 



On the third day after tho fermenting tun is set, tho wash containing tho grains is 

 transferred to the still, and converted into low wines. To every 100 gallons of this 



