H^EMATOXYLIN 77$ 



Another ore, that of Lindalo Moor, near Ulverstone, was analysed by Mr. J. 

 Spiller, with the following results : 



Peroxide of iron . . .... . . . 94'23 



Protoxide of manganese 0'23 



Alumina . 0*51 



Lime "..." 0'05 



Magnesia trace 



Phosphoric acid minute trace 



Sulphuric acid 0'09 



Bisulphide of iron 0'03 



Water, hygroscopic 0'39 



combined 0'17 



Insoluble residue . 5'18 



100-88 



Iron, total amount . * /./'i^-- ' * : " . 65'98 



The production of the red haematite in Cumberland and Lancashire has been during 

 the last few years as follows : 



1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 

 Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 



Whitehaven ore . . 725,248 848,974 1,014,143 976,874 954,505 

 Furness ore > . . 767,625 784,507 871,938 931,048 909,077 



Some of the Furness ore is smelted with charcoal at furnaces in the district, 

 and in 1872 about 600,000 tons were used at the Barrow Haematite Works. 



The Cleator Moor, Workington, and other Cumberland furnaces, in 1872, used 

 572,329 tons of the Whitehaven iron-ore. 



All the remainder was sent into the other great iron-making districts for mixing with 

 the argillaceous carbonates, and other ores of iron. Haematite is highly valued for 

 making pig-iron well adapted for conversion into steel by the Bessemer process. See 

 IEOX. 



HJEIVIATOGXiOBUIiZXr. Synonym of HAEMOGLOBIN. 



HJEXVXATOSXW. A substance at one time regarded as the red-colouring matter 

 of the blood. 



H-ElVTATOXYLIN. The colouring matter of logwood, the Hcematoxylon Cam- 

 pechianum of botanists. It is, in fact, the characteristic principle of this dye-wood. To 

 procure hsematoxylin, digest, during a few hours, ground logwood in water heated to a 

 temperature of about 130 Fahr. ; filter the liquor, evaporate it to dryness by a steam- 

 bath, and put the extract in alcohol of 0*835 for a day. Then filter anew, and after 

 having inspissated the alcoholic solution by evaporation, pour into it a little water, 

 evaporate gently again, and then leave it to itself in a cool place. In this way nume- 

 rous crystals of haematoxylin will be obtained, which may be purified by washing with 

 alcohol and drying. 



When subjected to dry distillation in a retort, haematoxylin affords all the usual 

 products of vegetable bodies, along with a little ammonia ; which proves the presence 

 of azote. Boiling water dissolves it abundantly, and assumes an orange-red colour, 

 which passes into yellow by cooling, but becomes red again with heat. Sulphurous 

 acid destroys the colour of solution of hsematoxylin. Potash and ammonia convert 

 into a dark purple tint the pale solution of haematoxylin ; when these alkalis are 

 added in large quantity, they make the colour violet-blue, then brown-red, and lastly, 

 brown-yellow. By this time the haematoxylin has become decomposed, and cannot be 

 restored to its pristine state by neutralising the alkalis with acids. 



The waters of baryta, strontia, and lime exercise an analogous power of decomposi- 

 tion ; but they eventually precipitate the changed colouring matter. 



A red solution of hsematoxylin subjected to a current of sulphuretted hydrogen 

 becomes yellow ; but it resumes its original hue when the sulphuretted hydrogen is 

 removed by a little potash. 



The protoxide of lead, the protoxide of tin, the hydrate of peroxide of iron, the 

 hydrate of oxides of copper and nickel, and oxide of bismuth, combine with hsematoxylin 

 and colour it blue with more or less of a violet cast. 



Hsematoxylin precipitates glue from its solution in reddish flocks. This substance 

 has not hitherto been employed in its pure state ; but as it constitutes the active prin- 

 ciple of logwood, it enters as an ingredient into all the colours made with that dye- 

 stuff, 

 v - These colours are principally violet and black, See LOGWOOD, 



