14 KELP 



this state, which is varied according to the purpose for which it is required, it is 

 taken to a still larger set of rollers, which consists of four cast-steel cylinders, each 

 of 22 inches diameter, and 62 inches on the face ; these rollers are beautifully turned 

 and polished, fitted with steam connections, as well as for hot and cold water, and are 

 estimated to have cost upwards of 1,500., there being great difficulty in obtaining 

 rollers of so large a size. 



The material forms a sheet upon the first roller, and, as it passes over, is pressed 

 into the cloth through the other rolls, and wound off in front of the machine on a 

 roller connected with it, the average speed of the machine being such as to produce 

 1,500 to 2,000 yards per day. After leaving the machine, the fabric or rubber is 

 subjected to the vulcanising process by being placed with sulphur at tempera- 

 tures of from 300 to 370 Fahr., which renders the India-rubber highly elastic, 

 and gives it the properties of resisting the influence of grease or acids. The whole 

 of the machinery is worked by a pair of horizontal double-cylinder engines of 66 

 horse-power, and one engine of 30 horse-power. Space will not permit us to describe 

 the further machinery for making all the various articles in detail. 



KANEITE. An arsenide of manganese, probably from Saxony ; named after Sir 

 Robert Kane, by whom it was first described. 



KANGAROO. A marsupial animal, native of Australia. Its tail makes excel- 

 lent soup ; and its skin, when tanned, becomes a soft and durable leather. 



KAOLIN. A name derived from the Chinese, which is sometimes applied to 

 porcelain clay. See CLAT, PORCELAIN. 



KARABE', a name of amber, of Arabic origin, in use upon the Continent. 



XARX9T or CARET. A Cornish miner's term, frequently, according to Borlase, 

 used to signify the solid rock more commonly a pile of rocks. 



KARSTENITE. The name given by Hausmann to anhydrous sulphate of lime, 

 in compliment to the German mineralogist Karsten. See ANHYDRITE. 



KAT, or 3CHAT. An Arabian drug, obtained from the Catha edulis and C. 

 spinosa. It is said to be chewed by the Arabs for the sake of its exhilarating effects ; 

 whilst a decoction prepared from it is used as tea. 



KATTIMUNDOO or CUTTEMirWDOO. A caoutchouc-like substance ob- 

 tained from the Euphorbia antiquorum of Roxburgh. It was first exhibited in 

 this country in the Great Exhibition of 1851, being sent by Mr. W. Elliott from 

 Vizagapatam. 



It was of a dark brown colour, opaque except in thin pieces, hard and somewhat 

 brittle at common temperatures, but easily softened by heat. Perfectly insoluble in 

 boiling water, but becoming soft, viscid, and remarkably sticky and adhesive like 

 bird-lime, reassuming, as it cools, its original character. 



It is said to be used for joining metal, fastening knife-handles, &c. 



3CAUH.IE or KAWRIE RESIN*. See DAMMAR. 



KAVA ROOT. The root of the Piper methysticum, Forst., used in the South 

 Sea Islands for preparing a disgusting beverage. 



KEDGZ ANCHOR. A small anchor with an iron stock used for warping. 



KEEIi. A barge used on the Tyne to carry coal. These barges are constructed 

 to carry 21 tons. The keel 'is worked by means of one oar at the gunwale and a 

 sweep at the stern. Of late years the build and rig of these vessels have been so 

 greatly improved, that they can now work to windward in as good a style as a sloop.' 

 Dunn, Winning and Working of Collieries. 



KEEliER. A manager of coal barges and colliers in the Durham and Northum- 

 berland district. 



KEEVE, a mining term, A large vat used in dressing ores : also a brewer's term 

 for a mash tub. 



KEG. A cask containing five gallons. 



KEIR. A boiler used in bleaching establishments. See BLEACHING. 



KELP ( Varec, Fr. ; WarecJc, Ger.) is the crude alkaline matter produced by 

 incinerating various species of fuci, or sea-weed. They are cut with sickles from the 

 rocks in the summer season, dried and then burned, with much stirring of the pasty 

 ash. Dr. Ure analysed many specimens of kelp, and found the quantity of soluble 

 matter in 100 parts of the best to be from 53 to 62, while the insoluble was from 47 

 to 38. The soluble consisted of: 



Sulphate of soda 8-0 19-0 



Soda, as carbonate and sulphuret . . . 8'5 5'5 



Muriate of soda and potash .... 36'5 37'5 



53-0 62-0 



