46 LAZULTTE 



A miner's term for a wooden tube or gutter to convey water. A 

 long shallow trough, carrying off the ore from the stamps. 



IiAITXUSXi OXIi. This oil is known also under the name of 'oil of bays' and is 

 obtained from either the fresh or dried berries of the bay tree (Laurus nobilis), which 

 grows principally in the south of Europe ; and is also cultivated in our gardens, the 

 leaves being used by the cook on account of their flavour. The berries were 

 analysed by Bonastre in 1824, and amongst other things, were volatile oil, 0'8, laurin 

 (camphor of the bay berry), I'O, and fixed oil, 12'8, in 100 parts of the berries. 

 Duhamel states that the fixed oil is obtained from the fresh and ripe berries by 

 bruising them in a mortar, boiling them for three or four hours in water, and then 

 pressing them in a sack. The expressed oil is mixed with the decoction, and on 

 cooling is found floating on the surface of the water. When the dried berries are 

 used, they are first subjected to the vapour of water until they are well soaked, and 

 are then rapidly pressed between heated metallic plates. By the latter process they 

 yield one-fifth of their weight of oil. It is imported in barrels from Trieste. It has 

 a Imtyraceous consistence and a, granular appearance. Its colour is greenish, and its 

 odour like that of the berries. Cold alcohol extracts from it the essential oil and 

 green colouring matter, leaving the lauro-slearincj which composes the principal part 

 of it. With alkalis it forms soaps. But its principal use is in medicine, and more 

 particularly in veterinary medicine. It has been used as a stimulating liniment in 

 sprains and bruises, and in paralysis. 



Native Oil of Laurel (Hancock) ; Laurel Turpentine (Stenhouse). Imported from 

 Demerara ; obtained by incisions in the bark of a large tree, called by the Spaniards 

 ' Azeyte de sassafras' growing- in the vast forests between the Orinoco and the 

 Parime. This oil is transparent, slightly yellow, and smells like turpentine, but 

 more agreeable, and approaching to oil of lemons. Its specific gravity at 50 Fahr. 

 is - 8645. It consists of two or more oils isomeric with each other, and with oil of 

 turpentine. Its colour is due to a little resin. It is an excellent solvent for caout- 

 chouc. Pereira. 



LATTRIC ACID. An acid obtained from the fat of the bay tree (Laurus nobilis), 

 and from the oil of pichurim beans (Faba pichurim maj.) 



IiATTRlTS. A sulphide of osmium and ruthenium, found in the platinum wash- 

 ings in Borneo.- 



XiAVA. The ejected matter of volconoes. ' The stone which flows in a melted 

 state from a volcano.' Lyell. M. Abich obtained from the Etna lava of 1669, 48'83 

 silica. He found the lava to consist of 54-80 labradorite, 34-16 augite, 7*98 olivine, 

 and 3'08 magnetic iron. 

 Bisclioff gives the following two analyses of lava : 



Hecla Etna 



Silica ...... 54-76 49'63 



Alumina ..... 13-61 22-47 



Peroxide of iron .... 15'60 10'80 



Lime ...... 6'14 9-05 



Magnesia ..... 1'35 2-68 



Potash ...... 3-41 3-07 



Soda ...... 1-21 0-98 



A peculiar stoneware, manufactured and coloured to assume 

 the semi-vitreous appearance of lava. 



XiAVER. Porphyra laciniata and Ulva latissima. See ALG.ZB. 

 XiAVEirDER, OXIi OF. See PEKFUMEBY. 



From the flowers of the Lavandula spicata the oil of spike is obtained, which is 

 used by painters on porcelain, and by artists in the preparation of some varnishes. 

 ZiAWCT. A fine linen fabric, 



XiAZUXiXTE (Eng. and Fr. ; Lazulith, Ger.), from an Arabic, word, azul, meaning 

 heaven. It is a blue vitreous mineral, found massive and crystalline, traversing clay 

 slate, and sometimes associated with spathic iron ; spec. grav. 2'76 to 2'94 ; scratches 

 glass ; affords a little water by calcination ; fusible into a white glass ; dissolves in 

 acids with loss of colour ; the solution leaves an alkaline residuum, after being treated 

 with carbonate of ammonia, filtered, evaporated, and calcined. By analysis it is found 

 to consist of : 



1 2 



Phosphoric acid . . 43-88 4679 



Alumina ..... 3177 27'10 



Protoxide of iron .... 8'90 7'10 



Magnesia ..... 9'89 11-87 



Water ...... 5'56 7'12 



