LIQUEURS, LIQUORISTE 127 



small conical openings p p, in the walls. These are closed during the operation with 

 clay stoppers, and are opened only when the gangue, rubbish, and cinders are to bo raked 

 out. The liquation-tubes pass across the arch of the furnace, q q, the space of the arch 

 being wider than the tubes ; they aro shut in at top with fire-covers r r. s s. the 



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1394 



middle part of the arch, immediately under the middle grate, is barrel-shaped, so that 

 both arches are abutted together. The flames, after playing round about the sides of 

 the liquation-tubes, pass off through three openings and flues into the chimney t, about 

 13 feet high; it, being the one opening, and v, the t\vo others, which are provided 

 with register-plates. In front of the furnace is a smoke-flue, w, to carry off the sulphur- 

 ous vapours exhaled during the clearing-out of the rubbish and slag; another, x, 

 begins over y y, at the top of the tubes ; a wall, z, separates the smoke-flue into 

 halves, so that the workmen upon the one side may not be incommoded by the fumes 

 of the other. This wall connects at the same time the front flue, w, with the chimney 

 t. a a' and b' U are iron and wooden bearer beams and rods for strengthening the 

 smoke-flue, c' c' are arches upon both sides of the furnace, which become narrower 

 from withoiit inwards, and are closed with well-fitted plates d' d'. They serve in 

 particular circumstances to allow the interior to be inspected, and to see if either of 

 the liquation-furnaces be out of order. Each tube is charged with 500 Ibs. of anti- 

 monial ore, previously warmed ; in a short time the sulphuret of antimony begins to 

 flow off. When the liquation ceases, the cinders are raked out by the side openings, 

 and the tubes are charged afresh. The luted iron crucibles are allowed to become 

 three-fourths full, are then drawn out from the galleries, left to cool, and emptied, 

 The ingot weighs about 85 Ibs. The average duration of the tube is 3 weeks. This 

 plan is proved to be an exceedingly economical one. 



. LIQUEURS, ilQUORISTE. Names given by the trench, and adopted into our 

 language, to denote certain aromatic alcoholic cordials, and to the manufacturer of them. 



Some liqueurs are prepared by infusing the woods, fruits, or flowers, in either water 

 or alcohol, and adding thereto sugar and colouring matter. Others are distilled from 

 the flavouring agents. 



Many of the liqueurs are of very compound character, as the following recipes will 

 show : 



Martinique Noycau. Put into a stone jar, 



Preserved guav.is and their syrup, or the jelly of that fruit 

 Oil of sweet almonds ..... 



Sweet almonds, beaten fine . , . 

 Bitter _ ^ ....... 



Preserved ginger and its syrup 



Cinnamon and cloves (bruised) of each 



Nutmeg and Pimento ,, 



Jamaica ginger ,, ..... 



Candied lemon and citron, of each ..... 



"White sugar-candy (powdered) 



Jib. 



1 OB. 



lib. 



1 



2 



1 

 14 



Proof spirit of wine ....... . . 5 quarts. 



