128 LITHIA 



Beat the oil with a little brandy, and mix it with the almonds, -when beaten to a 

 paste with orange-flower water. Stop up the jar securely, and let it remain in a warm 

 room, or in the sun, shaking it often, for a fortnight. Keep it in the jar for twelve or 

 fifteen months ; then strain it, and filter repeatedly until it is as clear as spring water. 

 Rinse phials or half-pint bottles, with any white wine, drain them and fill. Cork 

 and seal well. In six months it will be fit for use, if required, but will improve 

 greatly by age. Robinson. 



Tears of the Widow of Malabar. To ten pounds of spirit (pale brandy), add 4 

 pounds of white sugar, and 4 pints of water, adding 4 drachms of powdered cinnamon, 

 48 grains of cloves, and the same quantity of mace ; colour with caramel. 



The Sighs of Love. Spirit, water, and sugar as above. Perfume with otto of roses, 

 and slightly colour with cochineal. 



Absinthe. Take of the tops of wormwood, 4 pounds, root of angelica, calamus 

 aromaticus, aniseed, leaves of dittany, of each, 1 oz. ; alcohol, four gallons. 



Macerate these substances during eight days, add a little water, and distil by a 

 gentle fire until two gallons are obtained. This is reduced to a proof spirit, and a 

 few drops of the oil of aniseed added. See ABSINTHE. 



These forms exemplify the character of all kinds of liqueurs. They are coloured 

 yclhw by the colouring matter of carthamus ; fawn is produced by caramel ; red, by 

 cochineal ; violet, by litmus, or archil ; Hue, by the sulphate of indigo ; green, by 

 mixing the blue and the yellow together. 



Ratafia is the generic name, in France, of liqueurs compounded with alcohol, 

 sugar, and the odoriferous or flavouring principles of vegetables. Bruised cherries 

 with their stones are infused in spirit of wine to make the ratafia of Grenoble de 

 Teyssere. The liquor being boiled and filtered, is flavoured, when cold, with spirit 

 of noyeau, made by distilling water off the bruised bitter kernels of apricots, and 

 mixing it with alcohol. Syrup of bay laurel and galango are also added. 



IiIQUTDAIWBAR. A balsam obtained from the Liquidambar styraciflua, a 

 native of North America. 



XiEQTTm STORAX. The produce of the Liquidambar oricntalc. 



LIQUORICE ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ; from J\VKVS, sweet, and pifa, a root. The 

 root only is employed ; these roots are thick, long, and running deep in the ground. 



Besides the use of liquoric roots in medicine, they are also employed in brewing, 

 and are pretty extensively grown for these purposes in some parts of England. Liquo- 

 rice requires a rich, deep, dry, sandy soil, which, previous to forming a new plantn- 

 tion, should be trenched to the depth of about 3 feet and a liberal amount of manure 

 regularly mixed with the earth in trenching. The plants which are procured by 

 slipping them from those in old plantations are, either in February or March, dibbled 

 in rows 3 feet apart, and from 18 inches to 2 feet in the row. They require three 

 summers' growth before being fit for use, when the roots are obtained by retrenching 

 the whole, and they are then stored in sand for their preservation until required. 

 Peter Lawson. 



Large quantities of extract of liquorice-root are imported into this country iinder 

 the name of Spanish or Italian juice, according as it comes from one peninsula or the 

 other. Whilst the Spanish juice is yielded by G. glabra, it is said that the Italian 

 liquorice is prepared from G, cchinata. Liquorice juice contains an uncrystallisable 

 sugar called Glycyrrliisin or Liquorice Sugar. 



XiXROCONXTZS. A hydrous arsenate of copper, occurring in sky-blue crystals. 

 It was formerly found in some of the Cornish copper-mines. 



LITHARGE (Eng. and Fr. ; Gldtte, Gcr.) is the fused yellow protoxide of lead, 

 which on cooling passes into a mass consisting of small six-sided plates, of a reddish 

 yellow colour and semi-transparent. It generally contains more or less red lead, 

 whence the variations of its colour, and carbonic acid, especially when it lias been 

 exposed to the air for some time. For its mode of preparation, see LEAD, and SILVKK. 



LITHIA is a simple earthy or alkaline substance, discovered in the minerals 

 called petalito and triphane. It is white, very caustic, reddens litmus and red cabbage, 

 and saturates acid with great facility. When exposed to the air it attracts humidity 

 and carbonic acid. It is more soluble in water than baryta, and has such a strong 

 affinity for it as to be obtained only in the state of a hydrate. It forms neutral salts 

 with all the acids. It is most remarkable, for its power of acting upon or corroding 

 platinum. This earth is now used medicinally. 



The following interesting account of a new source of lithium is from the address of 

 Sir Charles Lyell at the Bath meeting of the British Association. After stating that 

 Professor Eoscoe of Manchester had detected the chloride of lithium in the Bath 

 waters, Sir Charles Lyell proceeds : 



' While I was piirsuing my inquiries respecting the Bath waters, I learned casually 

 that a hot spring had boeu discovered at a great depth in a copper mine, near Redruth 



