NAPHTHA, NATIVE 



397 



Boiling-point 

 Cent. 



Xylene 127 to 128 



Picoline 133 0-955 



Cumeno . 151 



Hydruret of decyle 158 



Pyridine . ....... 150 



Cymene . . . 175 



Traces of phenic acid . . . * . 



The various treatments specified in the Table are to remove several of these bodies, 

 which give the crude naphtha its offensive odour, and hinder its retaining a perma- 

 nent white colour. In the various acid and alkaline treatments 5 per cent, of ordinary 

 sulphuric acid is used, which is counteracted by 2 to 3 per cent, of caustic soda of a 

 density 1-305. 



The Middle Oils, after their first rectification, and their augmentation with the 

 fractional distillation of the heavier naphthas, contain the following bodies : 



Boiling-point 

 . 133 

 150 



Picoline 



Pyridine 



Cumene 



Lutidine 



Eupion 



Cymene 



Collidine 



145 to 151 

 . 154 

 . 169 

 . 179 

 . 175 



Aniline . 

 Phenic acid 

 Parvoline 

 Toluidine 

 Cresylic acid 

 Coridine . 



Naphthaline 



/from 

 I. from 



Boiling-point 

 182 

 187 

 188 

 198 

 203 



2n 



79 

 218 



Just 5 per cent, of sulphuric acid is given at each of the two treatments of the middle 

 oil ; and the amount of soda used depends on the quantity of cresylic or phenic 

 acids a very variable amount the individual oil may contain. To estimate the 

 quantity of phenic acid, agitate 4 or 5 kilogrammes of the middle oil with an excess 

 of caustic soda of specific gravity 1-305, for an hour or two ; allow it to repose ; 

 then decant the soda-liquor ; wash it with hot water ; then filter ; treat the clear 

 filtrate with hydrochloric acid, and the phenic acid will separate. As the equiva- 

 lent of phenic acid (C 6 H 6 = 94) is about l that of soda (Na*0 = 62), 1 part of soda 

 should fix 2. parts of the acid. Part of those middle oils is also used in dissolving 

 caoutchouc. 



The Heavy Oils, until recent discoveries of the utilisation of the waste bodies an- 

 thracene and naphtha, were not usually distilled. Their distillate betwixt 215 and 

 230 is almost all naphthaline ; that betwixt 290 and 320 is principally anthra- 

 cene. 

 The Heavy Oils contain : 



Boiling-point 



Aniline 182 



Phenic acid 187 



Parvoline 188 



Cresylic acid 203 



Phlorylic acid 203 



Coridine 211 



Naphthaline 217 to 218 



Rubidine 230 



Quinoleine or leucoline .... 235 to 237 



Viridine 251 



Lepidine 260 



Anthracene and paranaphthaline . . . 310 to 359 



Chrysene 



Pyrene . . . . . ., . .... 



The proportions of acid and alkali in this treatment are 6 per cent, of soda and 10 

 per cent, of hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. In order to expiscate the odour, this oil, 

 after distillation, is treated with 4 per cent, of sulphate of iron. 



The rectified oil may be used for greases, for creasoting railway-sleepers, as an 

 antiseptic, or for fuel or gas-making. 



NAPHTHA, NATIVE. In a great number of places in various parts of the 

 world, a more or less fluid inflammable matter exudes. It is known as Persian 

 naphtha, Petroleum, Rock-oil, Rangoon tar, Burmese naphtha, &c. 



The American petroleum consists in its more volatile portions of amyl, hydrogen, 

 hydride of amyl, C S H 12 boiling at 68, and hydride of caproyl C 6 H U boiling at 92 ; 



