442 



OILS 



1581 



within, while it is supported at every part by the tube , on the outside, and is thus 

 subjected to very little wear, and to no risk of bursting. The expressed oil, passing 

 through the wire gauzo and bag, finds its way through a perforation into the 

 spiral channel r, and from thence it finds ready egress by the perforations f a in the 

 pressing-cylinder, and, as it falls, is received by the cistern a 1 , from which it can be 

 drawn by the pipe y. 



Two or more presses may be used side by side, actuated either by one crank-throw 

 or by separate throws upon one shaft, placed with reference to each other in such 

 manner as greatly to equalise the amount of resistance throughout the revolution of 

 the crank-shaft. Although the one here described is a cylindrical pressing-plunger, 

 an angular section may be given to the pressing vessel and plunger, and may of course 

 be used to express oils from any seeds containing them. In the drawing no method 

 is shown for heating the seed-cake to be subjected to pressure therein ; but, as it is 

 known to be desirable to heat some matters from which oil is to be expressed, the 

 following method is described : 



When heat is to be applied during the -process of pressing, it is desirable to make 

 the pressing-cylinder of somewhat larger diameter, and of greater length, and to 

 divide the cistern a 1 into two separate compartments, over both of which the pressing- 

 cylinder is to extend ; a strong wrought-iron tube is to enter the open end of the 

 pressing-cylinder, and to extend about half-way to the hopper, where it terminates 

 in a solid pointed end ; this tube is to occupy the centre of the pressing-cylinder, 

 and will consequently leave an annular space around it, which will be occupied by 

 the seed, meal, or other matters under operation. "Steam is let into this iron tube, 

 and its temperature thereby raised to any desired point. The end of the tube which 

 extends beyond the pressing-cylinder is to be securely attached to a bracket pro- 

 jecting from the bed-plate, so that it may be firmly held in its position, notwithstand- 

 ing the force exerted against the pointed end of it. The effect of this arrangement 

 will be that, as the seed, meal, &c., fall into the pressing-cylinder, and are pushed 

 forward by the plunger, they will give out a portion of their oil in that state known 

 as cold-drawn, which will fall into the first compartment of the cistern a 1 . The 



further progress of the meal along the pressing- 

 cylinder will bring it in contactwith the pointed end 

 of the heating-tube ; here it will have to divide 

 itself, and pass along the annular space between 

 the heating-tube and the lining, and, being thus 

 spread into a thin cylindrical layer around the tube, 

 it will readily absorb heat therefrom, when a 

 second portion of oil will be given out, and re- 

 ceived by the second compartment of the cistern ; 

 and thus will the operations of cold- and hot- 

 pressing be carried on simultaneously. 



Bessemer and Heywood's patent also mentions 

 another machine for the expression of oils from the 

 seeds, &c. by pressure in connection with water, 

 or water rendered slightly alkaline. A sectional 

 drawing of it is represented in Jig. 1581. A is a 

 cast-iron cistern, having semicircularends, and open 

 on the upper side. At one end of it is fixed a 

 cylindrical vessel, B, with hemispherical ends. The 

 vessel is of considerable strength, and should be 

 capable of withstanding a pressure of 5,000 Ibs. to 

 the square inch. It is held in an upright position 

 by a flange, c, formed upon it. and extending 

 around one-half of its circumference. This flange 

 rests upon a similar one formed around the upper 

 side of the cistern, A, and is bolted thereto. At 

 the upper part of tlie vessel B is formed a sort of 

 basin, B 1 , the edge of which supports an arch- 

 shaped piece of iron, D. At the centre of the basin 

 i there is an opening into the vessel, and an hydraulic 

 cup-leather, K, is secured within the opening by 

 j> means of the collar, a. In the bottom of the vessel 

 ,' B there is also an opening, into which is fitted a 

 ^ cup-leather, H, secured in its place by tlio ring j, 

 which is firmly bolted to the vessel B. A strong 

 wrought-iron rod, K, extends from the top of the arch D, down through the vessel B, 

 having two enlargements or bosses, K'J K 2 , formed upon it, which are fitted to the 



