476 



PAPER-CUTTING 



As it is necessary that the paper should not continue descending -while it is held by 

 the blocks, m m, to be cut, and yet that it should be led on progressively over the knife 

 roller, </,the fourth roller, g, which hangs in a lever, j, is made to rise at that time, so 

 as to take up the length of paper delivered, and to descend again when the paper is 

 withdrawn. This is effected by a rod, r, connected to the crank on the shaft of the 

 aforesaid roller k, and also to the under part of the lever, j, which lever hanging loosely 

 upon the axle of the knife-roller d, as its fulcrum, vibrates with the under-roller, g, so 

 as to effect the object in the way described. 



The patentee states that several individual parts of this machine are not new, and 

 that some of them are to be found included in the Specifications of other persons, such 

 as the circular cutters c, which are employed by Mr. Dickinson (CARD-CUTTING), and 

 the horizontal cutter k, by Mr. Hansard ; he therefore claims only the general arrange- 

 ment of the parts in the form of a machine for the purpose of cutting paper, as the 

 subject of his invention. 



The machine for cutting paper contrived by Mr. John Dickinson, of Nash Mills, 

 was patented in January 1829. The paper is woiind upon a cylindrical roller, a, 

 fig. 1588, mounted upon an axle, supported in an iron frame or standard. From this 



1588 



roller the paper in its breadth is extended over a conducting drum b, also mounted 

 upon an axle turning in the frame or standard, and after passing under a small guide 

 roller, it proceeds through a pair of drawing or feeding rollers, c, which carry it into 

 the cutting machine. 



Upon a table d, d, firmly fixed to the floor of the building, there is a series of chisel- 

 edged knives, e, e, e, e, placed at such distances apart as the dimensions of the cut sheets 

 of paper are intended to be. These knives are made fast to the table, and against 

 them a series of circular cutters /,./', /,/, mounted in a swinging frame g, g, are intended 

 to act. The length of paper being brought along the table over the edges of the 

 knives up to a stop, h, the cutters are then swung forwards, and by passing over the 

 paper against the stationary knives, the length of paper becomes cut into three separate 

 sheets. 



The frame g,g, which carries the circular cutters/, /, /,/, hangs upon a very elevated 

 axle, in order that its pendulous swing may move the cutters as nearly in a horizontal 

 line as possible ; and it is made to vibrate to and fro by an excentric, or crank, fixed 

 upon a horizontal rotatory shaft extending over the drum b, considerably above it, 

 which may bo driven by any convenient machinery. 



The workmen draw the paper from between the rollers, c, and bring it up to the 

 stop k, in the intervals between the passing to and fro of the swing-cutters. 



The following very ingenious apparatus for cutting the paper web transversely into 

 any desired lengths, was made the subject of a patent by Mr. E. N. Fourdrinier, in 

 June 1831, and has since been performing its duty well in many establishments. 



Fig. 1589 is an elevation, taken upon one side of the machine ; and fig. 1590 is a 

 longitudinal section, a, a, a, a, are four reels, each covered with oue continuous sheet 

 of paper ; which reels are supported upon bearings in the framework b, b, b. c, c, c, 

 is an endless web of felt-cloth passed over the rollers d, d, d, d, which is kept in close 

 contact with the under side of the drum c, e, seen best in Jig. 1590. 



The several parallel layers of paper to be cut, being passed between the drum, e, and 

 the endless felt c, will be drawn off their respective reels, and fed into the machine, 

 whenever the driving-band is slid from the loose to the fast pulley upon the end of the 

 main shaft/. But since the progressive advance of the paper -webs must be arrested 

 during the time of making the cross cut through it, the following apparatus becomes 

 necessary : A disc, g, which carries the pin or stud of a crank, i, is made fast to the 

 end of the driving shaft/. This pin is set in an adjustable sliding piece, which may 

 be confined by a screw within the bevelled graduated groove, upon the face of the 

 disc g, at variable distances from the axis, whereby the excentricity of the stud i, and 

 of course the throw of tho crank, may be considerably varied. The craftk stud, z, is 



