494 



PAPER, MANUFACTURE OF 



hive, a tea-canister, or a doll, and the like. For the same reason, printers employed 

 some device, which they put upon the title-pages and at the end of their books ; and 

 paper-makers also introduced marks, by way of distinguishing the paper of their 

 manufacture from that of others; which marks, becoming common, naturally gave 

 their names to different sorts of paper. And, since names often remain long after 

 the origin of them is forgotten and circumstances are changed, it is not surprising 

 to find the old names still in use, though in some cases they are not applied to the 

 same tilings which they originally denoted. One of the illustrations of ancient water- 

 marks given in the accompanying plate, that of an open hand with a star at the top, 

 which was in use ae early as 1530, probably gave the name to what is still called 

 hand paper, fig, 1597. 



Another very favourite paper-mark, at a subsequent period, 1540-60, was the jug 

 or pot, which is also shown, fig. 1598, and would appear to have originated the term 

 pot paper. 



The fool's-cap was a later device, and does not appear to have been nearly of such 

 long continuance as the former, fig. 1599. It has given place to the figure of 

 Britannia, or that of a lion rampant supporting the cap of liberty on a pole. The 

 name, however, has continued, and we still denominate paper of a particular size by 

 the title of foolscap. The original figure has the cap and bells, of which we so often 

 read in old plays and histories as the particular head-dress of the fool, who at ono 

 time formed part of every great man's establishment. 



The water-mark of a cap may sometimes bo met with of a much simpler form 

 than just mentioned frequently resembling the jockey-caps of the present day, 



1597 



1599 



1598 



with a trifling ornamentation or addition to the upper part. The first edition of 

 ' Shakespeare,' printed by haac Jaggard and Ed. Blount, 1623, will be found to 

 contain this mark, interspersed with several others of a different character. No 

 doubt the general use of the term cap to various papers of the present day owes its 

 origin to marks of this description. 



The term imperial was in all probability derived from the finest specimens of 

 papyri, which were so called by the ancients. 



Post paper seems to have derived its name from the post-horn, which at ono time w:is 

 its distinguishing mark.jfy. 1600. It does not appear to have been used prior to the 

 establishment of the General Post-office (1670), when it became the custom to blow a 



