SALT 739 



Levant, as restorers of tho animal forces. Semolina is sometimes sold under this 

 name. 



8ALXCXNE is a substance which may be obtained in white pearly crystals from 

 the bark of the white willow (Salix alba), of the aspen tree (Salix helix), as also of 

 some other willows. It has a very bitter taste. It has been employed for the 

 purpose of adulterating the sulphate of quinine. Its composition is C 26 H 18 14 

 (C 13 H 18 O 7 ), quinine being C 10 H 24 N*0 4 . The presence of nitrogen in the latter renders 

 the salicine essentially different in its chemical as in its medicinal relations. It is 

 said to be almost a specific against sea-sickness. 



SAXi MARINE is common salt (chloride of sodium). See SALT, SEA. 



SAL MARTXS is protosulphate of iron. 



S All MIR ABILE is sulphate of soda. 



SAXi PRUNELLA is fused nitre cast into cakes or balls. 



SAXi VOLATILE is carbonate of ammonia. 



SAXiT, EPSOM, is sulphate of magnesia. 



SALT, FUSIBLE, is phosphate of ammonia. 



SALT, GLAUBER'S, is sulphate of soda. 



SALT, GLAZIER'S, is sulphate of potash. 



SALT, MICROCOSMIC, is the triple phosphate of soda and ammonia. 



SALT OF AMBER is succinic acid. 



SALT OP LEMERY is sulphate of potash. 



SALT OX" LEMON'S is citric acid and binoxalate of potash. 



SALT OP SATURN 1 is acetate of lead. 



SALT OF SODA is carbonate of soda. 



SALT OF SORREL is binoxalate of potash. 



SALT OF TARTAR is carbonate of potash. 



SALT OF TIN is protochloride of tin. 



SALT OF VZTRXOL is sulphate of zinc. 



SALT PERLATE is phosphate of soda. 



SALTPETRE is nitre, or nitrate of potash, which see. 



SALT, ROCK, SEA, or CULINARY. (Chlorure de sodium; Hydrochlorate 

 de soude, Fr. ; Salz, Chlornatrium, Ger.) These terms are used to designate different 

 forms of a. substance which is composed,, chemically speaking, of sjngle equivalents 

 of sodium and chlorine, or of 39'4 parts of sodium and 60-6 of chlorine in 100 

 ^arts by weight : it is known chemically as chloride of sodium and formerly as muriate 

 of soda. 



Chloride of sodium generally occurs crystallised in the cube, and occasionally in 

 other forms belonging to the regular system ; among these varieties, the octahedron, 

 the cubo-octahedron, and the dodecahedron, have been observed ; but there is another 

 which at first sight appears singular, and deserves notice on account of its frequent 

 occurrence. It is called the funnel- or hopper-shaped crystal, and is a hollow, 

 rectangular pyramid, forming on the surface of a saline solution in the course of its 

 evaporation : it appears to commence with the formation of a small floating cube, 

 to the edges of the upper face of which lines of other little cubes attach themselves 

 by the edges of their lower faces. By a repetition of this proceeding, the sides of a 

 hollow pyramid are formed, the apex of which, the single cubical crystal, is down- 

 ward : the crystal sinks by degrees as the aggregation goes on above, until a pyramidal 

 boat of considerable size is constructed. 



The crystals of chloride of sodium are anhydrous, but generally contain a little 

 water entangled in their interstices, the expansion of which causes them to decrepitate 

 when heated. This salt is fusible at a red heat, and at a white heat volatilises. Its 

 crystals are white, frequently perfectly transparent, of a specific gravity of 2-13, and 

 a hardness of 2'5. A remarkable feature in this salt is, that its solubility in water 

 increases but slightly as the temperature of tho latter is raised, for, according to the 

 experiments of M. Gay-Lussac, 100 parts of water dissolve 



35'81 parts of the salt, at a temperature of 57'0 Fahr. 

 35-88 62-5 



37-14: 140-0 



40-38 229-5 



This must be understood to apply only to the pure substance, for the presence of other 

 salts frequently increases its solubility. 



Chloride of sodium, when perfectly colourless and transparent, is perfectly dia- 

 thermanous, i.e., it allows the rays of heat to pass through its substance almost 

 without perceptible interception. It stands first amongst solid bodies in this respect, 

 all others absorbing a very considerable portion of the heat which passes through 

 them, and some almost the whole -. 



S B 2 



