794 



SILK MANUFACTURE 



another bcvel-weeel 4 (fig. 1776), fixed to a shaft that extends the whole length of the 

 apartment, and serves, therefore, to drive a whole range of machines. The wheel 4 

 may be put in gear with the shaft, by a clutch- and gear-handle, as in the silk-engine, 

 and thereby it drives two shafts, by the one transmitting its movement to the other. 



The traverse-motion of the guide-bar o is effected as follows: Upon one of the 

 shafts D, there is a bevel-wheel 5, driving the bevel-wheel 6, upon the top of the 

 upright shaft p (fig. 1776, to the right of the middle); whence the motion is trans- 

 mitted to the horizontal shaft q below, by means of the bevel-wheels 7 and 8. Upon 

 this shaft q, there is a heart -wheel r, working against a roller which is fixed to the end 

 of the lever s, whose fulcrum is at t,fig. 1775. The other end of the lever s, is con- 

 nected by two rods (shown by dotted lines in fig. 1776) to a brass piece which joins 

 the anas u (fig. 1776), of the guide-bars G. To the same cross-piece a cord is attached, 

 which goes over a roller v, and suspends a weight w, by means of which the lever , 

 is pressed into contact with the heart-wheel r. The fulcrum t, of the lever s, is a 

 shaft which is turned somewhat excentric, and has a very slow rotatory motion. 

 Thus the guide-bar, after each traverse, necessarily winds the silk in variable lines to 

 the side of the preceding threads. 



The motion is given to this shaft in the following way : Upon the horizontal shaft 

 q, there is a bevel-wheel^ (figs. 1775 and 1776), which drives the wheel 10 upon the 

 shaft x; on whose upper end, the worm y works on the wheel 11, made fast to the 

 said excentric shaft t ; round which the lever s, swings or oscillates, causing the guide- 

 bars to traverse. 



The Spinning Silk-mill. The machine which twists the silk threads, either in their 



single or doubled state, is called the 



1780 _ _^ -^-^_ z spinning-mill. When the raw singles 



are first twisted in one direction, 

 next doubled, and then twisted to- 

 gether in the opposite direction, an 

 exceedingly wiry, compact thread, is 

 produced, called organzine. In the 

 spinning-mill, either the singles or 

 the doubled silk, while being un- 

 wound from one set of bobbins, and 

 wound upon another set, is subjected 

 to a regular twisting operation ; in 

 which process the thread is con- 

 ducted as usual through guides, and 

 coiled diagonally upon the bobbins 

 by a proper mechanism. 



Fig. 1780 exhibits an end-view 

 of the spinning-mill ; in which four 

 working lines are shown ; two tiers 

 upon each side, one above the other. 

 Some spinning - mills have three 

 working tiers upon each side ; but 

 as the highest tier must be reached 

 by a ladder or platform, this con- 

 struction is considered by many to 

 be injudicious. 



Fig. 1781 is a front view, where, 

 as in the former figure, the two 

 working lines are shown. 



Fig. 1782, is a cross section of a 

 part of the machine, to illustrate 

 the construction and play of the 

 working parts ; figs. 1788, 1789, are other views offg. 1782. 



Fig. 1784, shows a single part of the machine, by which the bobbins are made to 

 revolve. 



Figs. 1783 and 1785, show a different mode of giving the traverse to the guide-bars, 

 than that represented \nfig. 1782. 



Figs. 1786 and 1787, show the shape of the full bobbins, produced by the action of 

 these two different traverse motions. 



The upper part of the machine being exactly the same as the under part, it will be 

 sufficient to explain the construction and operation of one of them. 



A, A, are the end upright frames or standards, between which are two or three 

 intermediate standards, according to the length of the machine. They are all con- 

 nected at their sides by beams B and c, which extend the whole length of the machines. 



