876 



SPINNING 



of the yarn, be detected under circumstances just described. In cases where double 

 rovings are used, the twisters are so arranged as to put the twist in the rovmgs, 



1881 



as shown in fig. 1882 ; in this case the reversing place of one roving meets the twisted 

 place of the other, and the fault is completely rectified. 



A self-actor, namely a machine in itself, which can bo attached to 2, 3, or even 4 

 mules of almost any convenient number of spindles is sometimes employed. The 



1882 



mules are previously stripped of all their mechanism, except the rollers and their 

 wheels, the carriage and spindles ; all the other movements ordinarily combined with 

 the mule arc contained in the machine, which is placed between a set of mules, as 



1883 



1881 



x 



seen in fig. 1883 ; a and b, the solf- 

 actors, to each of which 3 mules 

 are yoked, and which are connected 

 by bands and shafts with the self- 

 -j actor, or rather partly self-actor. 

 " A girl of fifteen or sixteen years 

 old stands at x between a and b, 

 anil never leaves her place except, 

 perhaps, for aiding in doffing or in 

 banding the spindles. The gear- 

 ing of the room acts by means of 

 straps upon the machines a and b, 

 and from these machines all the 

 movements are given to the six 

 mules, namely, the motion of the 

 rollers, the spindles, the drawing 

 out of the carriage, the after draft, 

 &c. When the carriages are to be 

 put up, the girl takes hold of two 

 levers of the machine a, and by 

 moving them in certain proportions, 

 acts upon two cones and pulleys, 

 and thus causes, in the most easy 

 and certain manner, the carriages 

 to run in and the yarn to be wound 

 on the spindles. The first machine 

 made for this purpose was com- 

 pletely self-acting, but it was found 

 that the mechanism was more 

 complicated and apt to get out of 

 order ; and as it was necessary to 

 have a girl of a certain age to watch 

 over the piecers for a certain number 

 of mules, the simplified machine 

 above described was adopted ; plac- 

 ing the girl near these machines, 



from whence the whole set of mules 



attached to the same can be over- 

 looked ; as the creels behind the mules are not wanted in this system, this impedi- 

 ment to the sight of the girl would be removed. 



Bastard Frame. The simple bastard frame is a throstle with mule spindles, form- 

 ing cops, as Been in fig. 1884, and wound so hard that they crm bo handled abont 



1885 



