892 



STEARIC ACID 



apartment, where it is kept in a state of agitation to prevent the formation of crystals, 

 and allow the cooling to be as gradual as possible. It is now fit for candles. 



The cold hydraulic press, as mounted by Messrs. Maudslay and Field, for squeezing 

 out the oleic acid from saponified fat, or the oleine from cocoa-nut lard, is represented 



Scale ofS-20ths of an inch to the foot. 



1895 . 



1896 



in plan in Jig. 1895, in side view of pump in fig. 1896, and in elevation, fig. 1897, 

 where the same letters refer to like objects. 



A, A, are two hydraulic presses ; B, the frame ; c, the cylinder ; D, the piston or 

 ram ; E, the follower ; F, the recess in the bottom to receive the oil ; G, twilled woollen 



bags, with the material to be 

 pressed, having a thin plate of 

 wrought iron between each ; H, 

 apertures for the discharge of the 

 oil ; i, cistern in which the pumps 

 are fixed ; K, framing for machi- 

 nery to work in ; L, two pumps, 

 large and small, to inject the water 

 into the cylinders; M, a frame 

 containing three double branches ; 

 N, three branches, each having two 

 stops or plugs, by which the action 

 of one of the pumps may be in- 

 tercepted from, or communicated 

 to, one or both of the presses ; 

 the large pump is worked at the 

 beginning ot the operation, and 

 the small one towards the end ; by 

 these branches, one or both presses 

 may be discharged when the opera- 

 tion is finished ; o, two pipes from 

 the pumps to the branches ; F, 

 pipe to return the water from 

 the cylinders to the cisterns ; Q, pipes leading from the pumps through the branches 

 to the cylinders ; H, conical drum, fixed upon the main shaft Y, driven by the 

 steam-engine of the factory ; s, a like conical drum to work the pumps ; T, a narrow 

 leather strap to communicate the motion from E to s ; v, a long screw bearing a nut, 

 Which works along the whole length of the drum ; v, the fork or guide for moving the 

 strap T ; w, w, two hanging bearings to carry the drum s ; x, a pulley on the spindle 

 of the drum s ; Y, the main shaft ; z, fly-wheel with groove on the edge, driven by the 

 jiulley x ; on the axis of s, is a double crank, which works the two pumps i. a is a 

 pulley on the end of the long screw, r ; an endless cord passes twice round this pulley, 

 and under a pulley fixed in the weight, b ; by laying hold of both sides of this cord, 

 iind raising or lowering it, the forked guide v, and the leather strap T, are moved back- 

 wards or forwards, by means of the nut fixed in the guide, so as to accelerate or re- 

 tard at pleasure the speed of the working of the pumps ; c is a piece of iron, with 

 a long slit, in which a pin, attached to the fork v, travels-, to keep it in the vertical 

 position. 



