920 STOVE 



an excess of -water. From the foregoing description it will be apparent that this 

 invention has not only rendered the operation totally independent of any condition 

 of the atmosphere in completing the process, but the work executed is unaffected 

 by any weather, even the most excessive rains. Experience has shown that where 

 once applied to the stone it is impossible to remove it, unless with the surface of the 

 stone itself. 



The application is one of extreme simplicity, and the material used perfectly in- 

 destructible. The rationale of the process is thus explained : A liquid will enter any 

 porous body to saturation, whilst a solid cannot go any farther than the first inter- 

 stices next the surface. Take, then, two liquids capable of producing, by mutual 

 decomposition, a solid, and by the introduction of these liquids into the cells of any 

 porous body, a solid is produced by their mutual decomposition internally ; ergo, if a 

 solid could not go in as a solid it cannot come out as a solid, and chemical decomposi- 

 tion having destroyed the solvents, they will never again be in a state of solution. 

 Tho patentee has secured to himself the application of this important principle ; and 

 whilst we name silicate of soda and chloride of calcium as the agents under mutual 

 decomposition by contact for producing the chloride of sodium and the imperishable 

 silicate of lime, there are many other ingredients capable of producing like results. 



Several large buildings in London the Baptist Chapel in Bloomsbury, amongst 

 others, Glasgow, and other cities, have been treated with Mr. Ransome's process ; 

 a portion of the Houses of Parliament has been experimented on, and the result, so 

 far as the time which has passed can test its merits, has been satisfactory. 

 STONEWARE. (Fdience, Fr. ; Stdngut, Ger.) See POTTERY. 

 STORAX ; STYRAX. Liquid storax is obtained from the storax plant, Styra.r 

 officinale. The finest is a pellucid liquid, having the consistency and tenacity of 

 Venice turpentine, a brownish colour and a vanilla-like odour. The common, which 

 is imported from Trieste in casks, is opaque, of a grey colour, and of the consistency 

 of bird-lime. This has 1 been frequently confounded with liquid-ambar. Storax is 

 employed in perfumery, and yields an odour, when sufficiently dilute, exactly resem- 

 bling the fragrance of the jonquil. See AMBAR, LIQUID ; PERFUMERY. 



Common storax; Styrax calamita. This is imported in large round cakes, of a 

 brown or reddish-brown colour. ' It appears to consist of some liquid resin mixed with 

 fine sawdust or bran.' Pereira. 



Storax in the tear. This is imported in yellowish or reddish-white tears, about the 

 size of peas. There are some other varieties, but these are not of sufficient importance 

 to be noticed here. Storax has but little use, except as a pharmaceutical article. 



STOVE (Poele, Calorifere, Fr. ; Ofen, Ger.) is a fire place, more or less close, for 

 warming apartments. When it allows the burning coals to be seen, it is called a 

 stove-grate. Hitherto stoves have rarely been had recourse to in this country for 

 heating our sitting-rooms ; the cheerful blaze and ventilation of an open fire being 

 generally preferred. Some arrangements have been introduced for close stoves, in 

 which charcoal or coke was burnt, and which required little or no chimney. When 

 coke or charcoal is burned very slowly in an iron box, the carbonic acid gas which is 

 generated, being half as heavy again as the atmospheric air, cannot ascend in the 

 chimney at the temperature of 300 Fahr. ; but regurgitates into the apartment through 

 every pore of the stoves, and poisons the atmosphere. 

 The large stoneware stoves of France and Germany are 

 free from this vice; because, being fed with fuel from 

 the outside, they cannot produce a reflux of carbonic 

 acid into the apartment, when their draught becomes 

 feeble, as inevitably results from the obscurely burning 

 stoves which have the doors of the fireplace and ash-pit 

 immediately above the hearth-stone. 



Stoves when properly constructed may be employed 

 both safely and advantageously to heat entrance-halls 

 upon the ground story of a house ; but care should be 

 taken not to vitiate the air by passing it over ignited 

 surfaces, as is the case with most of the patent stoves 

 now foisted upon the public. Fig. 1916 exhibits a ver- 

 tical section of a stove which has been recommended 

 for power and economy; but it is highly objectionable 

 as being apt to scorch the air. The flame of the fire A, 

 circulates round the horizontal pipes of cast iron, b b, c c, d d, e e, whicli receive the 

 external air at the orifice b, and conduct it up through the series, till it issues highly 

 heated at K, t, and may bo thence conducted wherever it is wanted. The smoke 

 escapes through the chimney B. This stove has evidently two prominent faults : first, 

 it heats the air-pipes very unequally, and the undermost far too much ; secondly, the 



