THERMOMETER 



CENTIGRADE. 



BEAUMUB. 



FAHRENHEIT. 



SANTA CRUZ, TENERIFFE. 

 rpon. ether b 

 Abfeayd. boils; 



, 



Hrpon. ether b. {iodine vaporised. 

 s; Hast. A. vTVnL 



. . 



Cotton-tree: ALGIERS, 

 Land, AUSTRALIA. MALTA, m. t. 



Grans' Land. AUSTRALIA. MALTA, m. t ' 



CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, FUSCHAL, m. t. 

 Blast. A, V. (T6I6. 

 Cultivation of Tine ends. 



ENGLAND, m. s. t. (TC. 

 TOULON, nut. 



Blast. A. V. 0-SJ : ROME. NICE. m. t. 

 ~ILLE L (max. U) NISMES. GENOA, LUCCA, m. t. 

 PERPIGNAN, MONTPELIER. m. t. 

 Waterfbrd mines, 774 ft. dep., MARSEILLES, m. t. 

 ON, BOLOGNA, BORDEAUX. ATX. VENICE, m. t. 

 LYONS. VERONA, MILAN, m. t. 

 PAU. m. t. LOWER EGYPT, w. t. 

 AMSTERDAM, PEKIN. NEW YORK, nut. 

 NANTES. ST. MALO. m! t. 

 MALTA, w. t; m. t. BRUSSELS. 



PENZANCE, m. t. 10 



Cultivation of Tine befms. PARIS, LONDON, m. t. 

 Elaa. A. V. 0-37, S, G. <T1. 



salt mines CRACOW, 730 ft; muriatic acid, 40 at Liq.1 

 Sulphur, hyd. 17 at. : ammonia, 6'i at, / 



EDINBURGH. BERLIN. DUBLIN, m. t. 

 INVERNESS, COPENHAGEN, m. t. 

 COVE CORK. w. t.. m. t. TORONTO. 

 MONT PERDU, PYRENEES, II JS5 ft. el. 

 UPSAL. STOCKHOLM, QUEBEC, m. t. 

 CAN ADA. m. t. Blast A. V. fX 

 CHRISTIANIA, DROKTHEIM. m. t. 

 Hibernation of animals. 

 PETERSBURG, m. t-7 Etna sura. 10355 ft. eL 

 KASAN,m.t. 

 POLAR SEAS. 360 ft. deep. 

 BERGEN, PADUA. COLUMBIA, r. w. t. 

 sCOW. m. t; oils freeze. ALTEN, NORWAY.m. t. 

 Die acid Uq. 36 at.. N.C APE LAPLAND, LABRADOR. 

 Blast. A. V. 01 inch. S. G. OOi. 

 CUMBERLAND, HO. N. A. m. t. 

 Earth, YAKUTSK, 3S0 to 3 ft. dep. 

 CklMBORAZO, 18^00 ft. eL 



MONT BLANC, UjBSO ft. 

 HIMALAYAS. ISjOW ft. el. 

 IRKUTSK, nut. 

 SIBERIA, m. t. 



Earth YAKUTSK, 77 ft. dep. 

 AIR m. t. POLAR SEA. 

 XOVA ZEMBLA, m. t., PORT ENTERPRISE, w. t. 



eid boils. 



.. 

 Oil of 



Test natural temperature at YAKUTSK, in Siberia. 

 -7J=54' below this scale. 



CENTIGRADE TO FAHRENHEIT. 



Above Ice. BtlBUJi lee and Zero. 



Cxl-81-31 SI(Cxl-g) 



Below Zero. 

 Cx 1-8-31 



I*. 



Water bogs in TUCOO, crab. 



VINOUS FERMENTATION, butyrine mete. CAIRO 

 DURHAM COAL MINES, 900 ft. rWELL.tW ft. deep. 

 Cocoa-auKfl liquid. Madaek bath. Grotto del Cane. 

 CORDILLERAS. ANDES, m. 1 5100 ft. eL 

 MatloekisMiBB*, CUMBERLAND COAL MIXES, ft. 

 SAXON MESES. 14*5 ft; Bakewell springs. [mander. 



{MADEIRA, m.w.t; an- centre of AtL waters of the Sca- 



DEEP MINES. EUROPE ; sea-bank of Aguflaa. 

 PARAMATTA, If S. W. m. t; LEIERS, w. t.; sea Azores. 



nuorie acid boils, anhyd. chlorine liqfd. 4 at. 



.Wft. s HanweU,Jft- 



Camphor Boats. Khut. A. V.V44. 



PIC DU MIDI. 9JCD ft. ; JERSKY, m. L 



OH of aniseed solid, muriatic ether boils. 



CLERMONT.m-t.; Columbia r. m. t. [besins. 



ITALY, m. w. t. ; VIENNA, m. 1 5T5; POTREF ACTION 



Lio. ammon. boils. Sat. at. 3> ; STRASBURG. m. t. 



WARSAW. BERNE, m. t. IPBAGUE, GENEVA, m. t. 



TENERIFFE PEAK. 1JUB5 ft. eL 



ZURICH, GOTTING E N, LABRADOR, a. L 



Sulphurous acid liqM. S at. ; protox. nit. 50 at. ; Cyanogen. 30 



SEA EQUATOR, Z.400 ft. deep. at. 



DEEP SKA. eommon sprines, HASTINGS, w. t. 



LAKE OF GENEVA, 14)00 ft. deep; ROME.w. t. 



LAKE LUCERNE. CO ft. deep: beeOe. PAU. w. t. 



St. scad freezes : CARPATH. MOUNTAINS ; inmaij 



CAPE HORN SURFACE OF SEA; max. density ofV 



EDINBURGH, w. t. ENGLAND, m. w. t. 3T8. [w. t. 



Alcohol boUsin vacao : NOVA ZEMBLA, n. t-.SHETLANn. 



Fixed oib freeze : SOUTH SEA, UjtB ft. deep. 



CAPE HORN SEA, 5,400 ft. deep. 

 Mount Argsens. ASIA MESOR.10JOO ft. el. 

 -32 ICE. ehlor. wr. freezes, se. ad. 3rd. nydr. treezes. 



POLAR SEA, ipoo ft. deep ; earth YAKUTSK, 3B ft. deep. 



Milk freezes. 



CARTHAGENA, SPATS, w.t. 



Salt water freezes. 1-wK; vineirar freezes ; fcrmic acid freezes. 



Earth YAKUTSK. S17 ft. deep. 



JUNGFRAU, summit. MJP ft. 



Blood freezes, earth YAKUTSK. 119 ft. deep. 



Elain freeze*, HECLA (Air) at summit, SOH ft. eL 

 <x> Oil bergamot freezes. 

 Kakodylsotid. 



Wme'rreezel 



Earth YAKUTSK, 50 ft dep. 



GULF BOTHNIA AIKm. w.t: Great Bear Lake. m. t 



AIR MDO ft deration above PARIS (at i 



Satt water freezes, VIOL 

 RUSSIA, m. w. t 

 Prasoc acid eryst rffl S. G. 

 ALTEN, NORWAY, w. t. 

 N. POLE. m-t. 13 below i 



1 below zero, m. w. t. at NOVA 

 Ether boils in Tacuo. J ZEMBLA and YAKUTSK. 

 I Carbonic add freezes l*S* below zero. 

 Lowest artificial cold obtained by Natterer, - Fahr. 



FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE. 



Above Ice. 



F-a 



n 



Between lee and Zero 

 S-F 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



m. melts. m. t. mean temperature. w. winter. a.sununer. at. atmosphere. b. boils. T. Tototilisd. liq. liquid. 

 UoCL Uonened. Ad. acid. max.mazhnum. min-minimum. So!, solution. W. B. water boils. EL elevation. In 

 reference to fusible aUors : B.bismuth. T.tin. L-lead. pr. prasure. dep. depresaon. L Island. Vapr. Vapour. 

 Bast, elasticity. Fluid. Fhuditr. Aleh. AkoboL Turp. Turpentine, den*, density . In retard to places mean temp, 

 is implied where not expressly stated, r.rner. spr.sprmz;. fr. freeze*. A. V. Aqueous Tapoor. d. T. density of vapour. 

 S. G. specine gravity. The Elasticity of Vapours is EiTen in incba of Mercury. 



TEMPERATURES ABOVE THE SCALE. 



Tin and Cadmium m. 441. Tempered steel (straw eolonr) 46tt~. Sulphe. ad. 178 b. P>. Bismuth m. C 

 (brown)500*. Fixed oils b. 530. Tempered steel (red and purple) 5&V>. Tne same (blue) >. Leadm.U^. 

 ad.l-85b.648 3 . Mercury b. 66\ Zmem.M9. Gunpowder explodes 700. Antimony m. SUP. Red beat SW. Flint 

 Class m. 100!^. Heat of common ftre U41. Brass m. B^. SaTerm.1873^ Copper m. M8S. GoUm.MS. Cast 

 ironCB* . Pure iron and ptatmam. SSB8. Wind furnace white heat SSOOP. 



TOL. ITT. 3 S 



