TODDY 



1021 



2008 



the bowl, otherwise the pipe will be imperfect. The wire is now withdrawn, the 

 jaws of the mould opened, the pipe taken out, and the redundant clay removed with 

 a knife. After drying for a day or two, the pipes are scraped, polished with a piece 

 of hard wood, and the stems being bent into the desired form, they are carried to the 

 baking kiln, which is capable of firing 50 gross in from 8 to 12 hours. A workman 

 and a child can easily make 5 gross of pipes in a day. 



No tobacco-pipes are so highly prized as those made at Natolia, in Turkey, out 

 of meerschaum, a hydrous silicate of magnesia, of a soft greasy feel, which is formed 

 into pipes after having been softened with water. It becomes white and hard in the 

 kiln. See MEERSCHAUM. 



A tobacco-pipe kiln should diffuse an equal heat to every part of its interior, while 

 it excludes the smoke of the fire. The crucible, or large sagger, A, A, Jigs. 2008 

 and 2009, is a cylinder, covered in with a dome L. It is placed 

 over the fireplace B, and enclosed within a furnace of ordinary 

 brickwork D D, lined with fire-bricks E, E. Between this lining 

 nnd the cylinder, a space of about 4 inches all round is left 

 for the circulation of the flame. There aro 12 supports or 

 ribs between the cylinder and the furnace lining, which form 

 so many flues, indicated by the dotted lines x, in Jiff. 2009 (the 

 dotted circle representing the cylinder). These ribs are per- 

 forated with occasional apertures as shown in fig. 2008, for 

 the purpose of connecting the adjoining flues ; but the main 

 bearing of the hollow cylinder is given 

 by five piers, b, b, c, formed of bricks I LJ 2009 

 projecting over and beyond each other. 

 One of these piers, c, is placed at the 

 back of the fireplace, and the other four 

 at the sides h, b. These project nearly 

 into the centre, in order to support and 

 strengthen the bottom ; while the flues 

 pass up between them, unite at the top 

 of the cylinder in the dome L, and dis- 

 charge the smoke by the chimney N. 



The lining E, E, of the chimney is 

 open on one side to form the door, by 

 which the cylinder is charged and discharged. The opening is permanently closed as 

 high as Jo, fig. 2008, by an iron plate plastered over with fire-clay ; above this it 

 is left open, and shut merely with temporary brickwork while the furnace is going. 

 When this is removed, the furnace can be filled or emptied through the opening, the 

 cylindric crucible having a correspondent aperture in its side, which is closed in the 

 following ingenious way, while the furnace is in action. The workman first spreads a 

 layer of clay round the edge of the opening : he then sticks the stems of broken pipes 

 across from one side to the other, and plasters up the interstices with clay, exactly like 

 the lath-and-plaster work of a ceiling. The whole of the cylinder, indeed, is constructed 

 in this manner, the bottom being composed of a great many fragments of pipe-stems, 

 radiating to the centre ; these are coated at the circumference with a layer of clay. 

 A number of bowls of broken pipes are inserted in the clay ; in these other frag- 

 ments are placed upright to form the sides of the cylinder. The ribs round the out- 

 side, which form the flues, are made in the same way, as well as the dome L ; by 

 which means the cylindric case may be made very strong, and yet so thin as to 

 require little clay in the building, a moderate fire to heat it, while it is not apt to split 

 asunder. The pipes are arranged within, as shown in the figure, with their bowls 

 resting against the circumference, and their ends supported on circular pieces of clay, 

 r, which aro set up in me centre for that purpose. Six small ribs are made to project 

 inwards all round the crucible, at the proper heights to support the different ranges 

 of pipes, without having so many resting on each other as to endanger their being 

 crushed by the weight. By this mode of distribution, the furnace may contain 50 

 gross, or 7,200 pipes, all baked within eight or nine hours ; the fire being gradually 

 raised, or damped if occasion be, by a plate partially slid over the chimney-top. 



TODDY, Sura, Mee-ra, 'sweet juice.' The proprietors of cocoa-nut plantations in 

 the peninsula of India, and in the Island of Ceylon, instead of collecting a crop of 

 nuts, frequently reap the produce of the trees by extracting sweet juice from the 

 flower-stalk. When the flowering branch is half shot, the toddy-drawers bind the 

 stock round with a young cocoa-nut-leaf in several places, and beat the spadix with a 

 short baton of ebony. This beating is repeated daily for ten or twelve days, and 

 about the end of that period a portion of the flower-stalk is cut off. The stump then 

 begins to bleed, and an earthy vessel (chatty) or a calabash is suspended under it, to 

 receive the juice, which is by the Europeans called toddy. 



