WEAVING BY ELECTRICITY 111-5 



with iron gudgeons at its ends, that on the right hand being prolonged to carry the 

 tooth winding wheel n'. k 1 , is a pinion in gear with H'. H", is a ratchet-wheel, 

 mounted upon the same shaft h"', as the pinion h'. h", is the click of the ratchet-wheel 

 H". h"', is a long bolt fixed to the frame, serving as a shaft to the ratchet-wheel H", 

 and the pinion h'. i, is the front heddle-lcaf, and i', the back one. 3, J, i', s', jacks or 

 pulleys and straps for raising and depressing the leaves of the heddles. i", is the 

 iron shaft which carries the jack or system of pulleys, J, J, s', j'. K, a strong wooden 

 ruler, connecting the front heddle with its treddle. L, I/, the front and rear marches 

 or treddle pieces for depressing the heddle-leaves alternately, by the intervention of 

 the rods k (and K, hid behind k). M, M, are the two swords (swing bars) of the lay or 

 batten. N, is the upper cross-bar of the lay, made of wood, and supported upon the 

 squares of the levers n, n', to which it is firmly bolted. N', is the lay-cap, which 

 is placed higher or lower, according to the breadth of the reed ; it is the part 

 of the lay which the hand-loom weaver seizes with his hand, in order to swing it 

 towards him. n', is the reed contained between the bar N, and the lay -cap N'. o, o, 

 are two rods of iron, perfectly round and straight, mounted near the ends of the 

 batten-bar N, which serve as guides to the drivers or peckers o, o, which impel 

 the shuttle. These are made of buffalo-hide, and should slide freely on their guide- 

 rods, o', o', are the fronts of the shuttle-boxes; they have a slight inclination 

 backwards ; p is the back of them. (See figs. 2108 and 2109.) o", o", are iron plates, 

 forming the bottom of the shuttle-boxes, p, small pegs or pins, planted in the 

 posterior faces p (Jiff. 210?) of the boxes, round which the levers p' turn. These 

 levers are sunk in the substance of the faces p, turned round pegs p, being pressed 

 from without inwards, by the springs^'. f",fff. 2107 (to the right of K), is the whip 

 or lever-end ; Q", its centre of motion (corresponding to the right arm and elbow of 

 the weaver), which serves to throw the shuttle by means of the pecking-cord p", 

 attached at its other end to the drivers o, o. 



On the axis of Q", a kind of excentric or heart wheel is mounted, to whose concave 

 part, the middle of the double band or strap r, being attached, receives impulsion ; its 

 two ends are attached to the heads of the bolts r', which carry the stirrups r", that 

 may be adjusted at any suitable height, by set screws. 



s (see the left-hand side of fff. 2107) is the moving shaft of wrought iron, resting 

 on the two ends of the frame, s' (see the right-hand side), is a toothed wheel, 

 mounted exteriorly to the frame, upon the end of the shaft s. s" (near s'), are two 

 equal elbows in the same direction, and in the same plane, as the shaft s, opposite to 

 the swords M, M, of the lay. 



z, is the loose, and z', the fast pulley, or riggers, which receive motion from the 

 steam-shaft of the factory, z', a small fly-wheel, to regulate the movements of the 

 main shaft of the loom. 



T, is the shaft of the excentric tappets, cams, or wipers, which press the treddle- 

 levers alternately up and down ; on its right end is mounted T', a toothed wheel in 

 gear with the wheel s', of one half its diameter. T', is a cleft clamping collar, which 

 serves to support the shaft T. 



IT, is a lever which turns round the bolt u. as well as the clink h". TJ', the click of 

 traction, for turning round the cloth beam, jointed to the upper extremity of the lever 

 tr ; its tooth u', catches in the teeth of the ratchet-wheel H". u" is a long slender rod, 

 fixed to one of the swords of the lay M, serving to push the lower end of the lever u, 

 when the lay retires towards the heddle-leaves. 



x, is a wrought-iron shaft, extending from the one shuttle-box to the other, supported 

 at its ends by the bearings, x, x. 



Y, is a bearing, affixed exteriorly to the frame, against which the spring bar z rests 

 near its top, but is affixed to the frame at its bottom. The spring falls into a notch 

 in the bar Y, and is thereby held at a distance from the upright A, as long as the band 

 is upon the loose pulley Z 1 ; but when the spring bar is disengaged, it falls towards A, 

 and carries the band upon the fast pulley , so as to put the loom in gear with the 

 steam-shaft of the factory. 



Weaving, by this powerful machine, consists of four operations : 1, to shod the warp 

 by means of the heddle-leaves, actuated by the tappet-wheels upon the axis Q', the 

 rods Jc, k', the cross-bar E, and the eyes of the heddle-leaves i, i'; 2, to throw the 

 shuttle (see Jig. 2107), by means of the weft lever p", the driver cord p, and the 

 pecker o; S, to drive home the weft by the batten N, N'; 4, to unwind the chain from 

 the warp beam, and to draw it progressively forwards, and wind the finished web upon 

 the cloth beam H, by the click and toothed wheel mechanism at the right-hand 

 side of the frame. 



See COTTON, FLAX, TEXTILE FABRICS, &c. 



WEAVING BY ELECTRICITY. So long ago as 1852, M. Bonelli con- 

 structed an electric loon., which was exhibited at that time in Turin ; but the first trial 



