WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 



1125 



Load of bricks, 500. 



plain tiles, 1000. 

 Sack of flour, 280 Ibs. 

 Tierce of sugar, 9 to 12 cwts. 

 coffee, 4 to 9 cwts. 

 Barrel of tar, 26 gallons. 

 Fodder of lead, 19 cwts. 

 Gross, 144, or 12 dozen. 

 Quire of paper, 24 sheets. 

 Ream 480 sheets, or 20 quires. 

 Roll of parchment, 60 skins. 

 A weigh of cheese, 236 Ibs. 

 5 quarters, a weigh or load. 

 A last of corn or rape-seed, 10 quarters. 



or 80 bushels. 

 A last of potashes, cod-fish, white herrings, 



meal, pitch, and tar, 12 barrels. 

 A last of flax and feathers, 17 cwts. 



A last of gunpowder, 24 barrels, or 



2,400 Ibs. 



A last of wool, 4,568 Ibs. 

 A tod of wool is 28 Ibs. 

 A pack of ditto, 364 Ibs. 

 48 solid feet of timber, a ton. 

 A stone of fish, 14 Ibs., and of wool, 14 



Ibs. The same for horseman's weight, 



hay, iron, shot, &c. 

 A stone of glass, 5 Ibs., and a seam of 



ditto, 24 stone. 

 A cade of red herrings, 500, and sprats, 



1000. 



A load of timber unhewed, 40 feet. 

 Flour, peck or stone, 14 Ibs. 



boll of 10 pecks or stones, 140 Ibs. 



sack of 2 bolls, 280 Ibs. 



barrel, 196 Ibs. 



A line is one-twelfth part of an inch. 



A nail is 2 inches (used in measuring 



cloth). 



A palm is 3 inches. 

 A hand is 4 inches (used in measuring 



the height of horses). 

 A span is 9 inches. 

 A cubit is 1 J foot. 



Measures of Length. 



A military pace is 2i feet. 

 An itinerary pace is o feet. 

 A cable length is 120 fathoms, or 240 



yards. 



A league is 3 miles. 

 The knot, or nautical mile, 2,000 yards. 

 The old Scotch and Irish miles are l 



and 1 English. 



Coal Weights and Measures. 



'From and after January 1, 1836, all coals, slack, culm, and cannel of every de- 

 scription shall be sold by weight and not measure, under a penalty of forty shillings.' 



5 & 6 William IV. 



By this measure coal was formerly sold; it was 36 bushels or 12 



The Chaldron. 

 sacks of coal. 



The London imperial chaldron is about 25 cwts. 



The Newcastle chaldron . . 53 cwts., or as about 11 to 21. 



The relation of the chaldron to the ton in London is shown by the following results : 



cwts. qrs. Ibs. 



1 chaldron of Russell's Hatton's Wallsend weighed 25 8 



Lambton's Wallsend 25 3 9 



Russell's 25 



Northumberland 25 1 25 



Tanfield Moor 26 17 



Stewart's Wallsend 26 18 



Killingworth 25 13 

 Mean, 25 cwts. 2 qrs. 4 Ibs. 



3 wains of 17 J cwts. 1 make a Newcastle c h a ldron, which is only 52*. 

 6 carts oi of ,, 3 



The Keel is 8 chaldrons or 21 tons 7 cwts. (sometimes 4 cwts.), or 8 tubs = 21 tons 

 4 cwts. 



The Bolls or Soults. In 1600, at a ' Courte of the Hostmen,' wains were ordered to 

 be marked and measured. ' For time out of mind it hath been ordered that all coal 

 wains did usually carry and bring 8 boults of coals to all staithes upon the river Tyue.' 



Pecks 



Boll 

 1 



24 

 440 



Chaldron 



1 



18J or 1 ten 



tons cwts. Ibs. 



. 4 23J 

 , 2 13 



. 48 11 74: 



Tlie Ten. A local customary and arbitrary weight, being usually 440 coal bushels 

 of 36 gallons Winchester, or 48 tons 11 cwts. 2 qrs. 17 Ibs. 9 ozs. The Dean and 

 Chapter of Durham, to avoid fractions, make the Ten 432 bushels, or 47 tons 14 cwts* 

 420 bolls, or sometimes 440 bolls make 1 Ten. 



