1126 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 



A Load of Coals. 



At Newcastle is. . . . 1 ton of 20 cwts. 

 Morpeth .... ton. 

 (cart Joad) . . 15 to 16 cwts. 

 Lancashire . . . .25 cwts. 



A Waggon. 



Tho Newcastle chaldron, 53 cwts. At Whitehaven, in 1826, 24 Carlisle bushels, 

 weighing a little more than 2 tons. 

 About 25 years since the weight was 48 cwts. and it was increased to 50 cwts. 



The Tub. In the Wear the best coal is put into tubs, these are waggons without 

 wheels, containing each 53 cwts. 



The Basket. 



West Lancashire 6 cwts. 

 East 3 sometimes 4 cwts., according to the thickness of the ' mine.' 



Tlie Room. Coal-barges are divided into rooms, containing 180 bushels and 1 vat 

 more, or 5 chaldrons and a vat. 

 The Vat, a quarter of a chaldron. 

 The Creel, sold in Ayrshire = 3 cwts. 

 An Acre of Stratum 1 foot thick is 31 tens. 

 An Acre of Coal>= 1,510 tons. 

 A Father of Coal =17 cwts. 



The Bushel. 



Carlisle, 3 streaked Winchester weighing from 1 cwt. 2 qrs. 21 Ibs. to 1 cwt. 3 qrs 

 Cornish . . 94 Ibs. (Lean's Engine Report). 

 London . . 82^,, 



Standard . . 86" ., avoirdupois 1 $&?$*$ 

 Imperial . . 79 to 82 Ibs. contains >*?" *j" r T 

 Winchester . ... ... J 2] 



In Gutch's ' Literary and Scientific Register and Almanack ' for 1872 the following 

 statement of measures was given, which is so curious that it deserves preservation : 



' The Winchester bushel contains 2150'42 cubic inches, or 4 pecks ; the Waterside 

 measure contains 5 peeks. The old standard Scotch pint or sterling jug contains 

 about 104 cubic inches, or 3 imperial pints ; and the Scotch gallon contains 3 imperial 

 gallons. The Scotch wheat firlot contains 24} Scotch pints ; and the Scotch barley 

 h'rlot, 31 Scotch pints. In Chester wheat is sold at 75 Ibs. the bushel, or 9-23-28 

 gallons. In Cornwall (Launceston and Callington) the customary bushel is 16 gallons; 

 at Helston, Falmouth, St. Austell, and Truro, the bushel consists of 24 gallons ; at 

 Redruth it is sold per 196 Ibs. Cornish bushel ; at' St. Columb, 186 Ibs., and at Bodmin, 

 62 Ibs., per imperial bushel. In Devon a sack contains 40 gallons, a bag 16 gallons 

 (in some parts 32 gallons) ; at Hereford wheat is sold sometimes by the bushel of 8 

 gallons, sometimes by the old bushel of 10 gallons, sometimes by weight, varying from 

 62 Ibs. imperial, or 64 Ibs. Winchester, to 80 Ibs. old 10 gallons ; in Norfolk, by the 

 coomb of 4 bushels ; in Northumberland (Alnwick, Morpeth, and Hexham markets), 

 per new boll of 16 gallons; in Bedford and Wooller markets by the old boll of 48 

 gallons ; in Salop the bushel is 75 Ibs. net ; York (North Riding), 63 Ibs. per bushel ; 

 West Riding, at Wakefield corn exchange, per bushel of 60 Ibs. ; at the farmers' 

 market, per the load of 3 bushels or 24 gallons measure, or load weighing 12 stone 12 

 Ibs. (or 180 Ibs.) to 14 stone (or 196 Ibs.) ; at Leeds, Barnsley, Pontefract, Doncaster, 

 Selby, Otloy, Knaresborough, Ripon, Skipton, and Snaith, the same as at one or the 

 other of Wakefiold markets ; Wales (Anglesea), at 63 Ibs. per bushel ; at Brecon, by 

 the bushel of 8 gallons and the bushel of 10 gallons ; Cardigan, 63 Ibs. ; Carmarthen, 

 64 Ibs. ; Flint, by the hobbet of 21 gallons, or 168 Ibs. ; Glamorgan (borough of 

 Swansea), by the bushel or stack of 24 gallons, or by a measure called ' a peck,' con- 

 taining 6 gallons. In the eastern part of the county there is also a bushel measure in 

 use, called ' the Welsh bushel.' In Montgomery and Radnor the bushel is 10 gallons, 

 or 80 Ibs. weight. All local weights and measures are abolished, and a standard 

 adopted that all grain, meal, flour, butter, and potatoes shall be sold by the Avoirdu- 

 pois, by the score of 20 Ibs., by the cwt. of 100 Ibs., arid by the ton of 2,000 Ibs. ; and 

 that all hay, straw, turnips, and mangold-wurtzel shall be sold by the Avoirdupois, by 

 the score of 20 Ibs., by the cwt. of 100 Ibs., and by the ton of 2,000 Ibs.' 





