DREDGING CREWS AND TENDERS 57 



for commercial purposes are worked with a crew of only 2 or 3 

 men. Small grapple and dipper dredges use less than 10 men. The 

 Canadian Government has worked one dipper dredge for a number 

 of years with a crew of 9. A snag boat also worked by the same 

 government is manned with a crew of 9. The hydraulic dredge 

 "King Edward " carries a crew of 18 men, while the large hydraulic 

 dredge, " J. Israel Tarte," used in St. Peter's Bay on the St. 

 Lawrence River, has a crew of 35 for night and day work. The 

 elevator or ladder dredges used on the same river carry crews of 28 

 to do continuous work throughout the 24 hours. 



The American sea-going hydraulic dredges "Atlantic" and 

 " Manhattan ", used in the Ambrose Channel in New York Bay, 

 each carries a crew of 54 men for night and day work. 



For gold, tin and platinum dredging the crews are much smaller. 

 Hydraulic dredges for such purposes are not extensively used, the 

 ladder type being preferred. Mr. Henry G. Granger advocates the 

 use of a specially designed suction dredge for gold mining and gives 

 a crew of 6 men to manage the dredge with 13 men under these 

 in each shift. Then for these 8-hour shifts 39 men will be needed 

 besides the 6, making 45 men in all. In charge of this crew he 

 has a general manager experienced in gold saving. The others are 

 captain, engineer and assistants, firemen and assistants, levermen, 

 deckhands, cook and general helpers. 



In the Oroville district in California the large electrical dredges 

 excavating from 100,000 to 200,000 cu.yds. per month are operated 

 with small crews. Over each machine is a dredgemaster, and he 

 has 6 men under him, 2 for each shift. Besides these some dredges 

 use a man on the ground known as the shoreman. 



When crews are worked in or near large cities, quarters ave not 

 needed for the men on the dredges, but for night and day work or 

 for dredges at sea or for work away from their home ports; ample 

 quarters for the men should be provided on the boat. Occasionally, 

 as on the St. Lawrence River, such quarters are built on scows which 

 are anchored near the dredge. When the crew's quarters are built 

 on the dredge they are generally on the upper deck above the machin- 

 ery. They should be sanitary and comfortable and the men should 

 have a good mess room in which to eat their meals. The food fur- 

 nished should be substantial, of a pleasing variety and well cooked 

 and served. When men are well fed and given comfortable quarters 

 and beds they in return give efficient service. The quarters can 



