STATIONARY AND HIGH-TOWER LADDER DREDGES 93 



ing the lever, controlling the main engine and velocity of revolution 

 of buckets, the gypsy engine working the side guys, the spuds also 

 being raised and lowered by tackles on hoisting drums. The digger 

 may, at a glance, take in the situation, and use his governing wheels 

 accordingly. 



The cost of the work can be deduced from the two most important 

 items, which are the consumption of coal and the wages of the men 

 handling the machine. Mr. Williams gives the consumption of 

 coal in the " City of Paris " at 10 tons per day, while regarding the 

 men he says that at the Panama Canal, there were from 45 to 55 

 men on these machines, distributed as follows: 



1 captain $300 per month 



3 assistant engineers 150 



3 firemen 70 



3 oilers 50 



3 diggers 65 



3 gypsymen 65 



1 steward and three cooks 75 



6 waiter boys 30 



22-32 seamen 50 



These men are divided into three watches of eight hours each, 

 the machines working night and day, only stopping to repair machin- 

 ery. Sunday is usually occupied in replacing any worn-out material, 

 replacing links, and anticipating any breakages in upper tumbler 

 bars, boiler tubes, spud gear, etc. 



The American Contracting & Dredging Co. of New York was 

 paid 35 cents per cu.m. and notwithstanding they paid such high 

 salaries they realized over 50 per cent profit. 



More recently dredges of this type have been successfully employed 

 in dredging the Siass and Swirs Canals in Russia. 



