UNIVERSAL DREDGES 137 



commanding officers on deck and all parts of the steamer, especially 

 with the various engines. 



Owing to the severe climate in which this dredge was to work, 

 it was fitted with all the conveniences, and the officers' quarters are 

 heated both by steam and open fire, while the dredge is heated by 

 steam throughout. 



On deck in front of the boilers is the bridge, on which is located 

 the pilot house. 



The steamer is provided with two masts and sails so as to navi- 

 gate also under her own sails as it did from Marseilles to Libau. 



The dredge " Montevideo/' see Fig. 41, built by Messrs. A. F. 

 Smulders of Rotterdam, for the harbor works of Montevideo, 

 Uruguay, and described in Engineering, April 3, 1903, serves to 

 illustrate the hopper type of the universal dredge. 



A special feature of this machine consists in the fact that it is 

 arranged to dredge at will through the same well, either with a 

 chain of buckets or by means of a suction pipe. When using buckets 

 the dredge can work to a depth of from 13.12 ft. to 32.81 ft. below 

 the surface of the water, with the ladder in its ordinary position; 

 while by altering the upper bearing of this to a special support 

 the depth reached can be extended to 42.65 ft. below the water 

 line. The minimum efficiency required by the contract was an 

 excavation of 654 cu.yds. per hour when working to a depth of 

 26 i ft. 



The spoil can be delivered from the dredge either into a well 

 of 1046 cu.yds. capacity, or into hopper barges placed alongside 

 the dredge. The distance of the top of the wells of these barges 

 when light is 9.84 ft. above the water level, and 6.56 ft. away 

 from the dredge horizontally. When carrying its own spoil the 

 dredge was required not to draw more then 13.94 ft. and to be capable 

 of steaming out to sea with its own screw for unloading. When 

 arranged for suction dredging the machine is designed to work at 

 depths of from 13.12 ft. up to 32.81, and when working at depths of 

 26J ft. it was required to fill its wells of 1046 cu.yds. capacity in 

 40 minutes. With wells laden its speed on proceeding to sea was 

 required to be not less than 7 knots, and its engines were also required 

 not to consume more than 2.20 Ibs. of coal per indicated horse- 

 power per hour. The dredge when finished proceeded to Monte- 

 video under its own steam. 



The hull is of Siemens-Martin steel, and is 241 ft. long by 41 ft. 



