166 A TREATISE ON DREDGES AND DREDGING 



renewed, &s these cables usually break at about 80 ft. from the 

 outer end and the remainder is then too short for further use. With 

 the Edward storage drum, a cable 1000 ft. long is used, and when 

 this breaks only about 80 or 90 ft. are lost, the working length being 

 restored by paying out sufficient cable from the storage part of the 

 drum. 



The drum and gears are all open-hearth steel castings. All 

 friction belts are operated by compressed-air cylinders, the air 

 at 170 Ibs. pressure being furnished by two Westinghouse air pumps 

 arranged tandem. 



The bow spuds are of great size, 43 in. square and 52 ft. long. 

 Each is composed of four 22-in. sticks dressed on all sides to 21 J in.; 

 these are fitted into a cast-steel shoe at the bottom and bolted together 

 for 8 ft. from the bottom with 24 bolts 1J in. in diameter. There 

 are no bolts above these, being held together by an iron band 

 fXlO in., so that the individual sticks have a certain amount of 

 spring or movement. In the top of the shoes is a 9J-in. hole for 

 a 9-in. shaft, 10 ft. long, which is secured to the spud foot by six 

 2-in. and 2|-in. staples with jam nuts on the ends. The spud foot 

 is of timbers 16 in. square, bolted together with eight 2-in. bolts 

 10 ft. long, the size of the foot being 10x12 ft. The purpose of 

 this is to prevent the spuds from sinking into the bottom when the 

 dredge is lifted up on the spuds, when working in soft material. The 

 dredge can be lifted about 2 ft. above its floating position and this 

 is accomplished by means of a 2-in. cable running over the top 

 of each spud on a sheave and fastened to the spud slide. The great 

 weight will then force the spuds from 2 to 6 ft. into the bottom, 

 but the broad feet then keep the dredge steady while in operation. 

 The spud and foot are also raised by means of a 2-in. cable running 

 over a sheave which is fastened to the cast-steel shoe and is operated 

 by a cable and a hoisting drum driven from the main engine through 

 a friction band and drum. The stern spud is a single 28-in. timber, 

 55 ft. long, operated by rack and pinion. The spud slides in a heavy 

 fixed shoe which carries the pinion on the front face and two bearing 

 rollers at the rear face of the spud. The pinion is compound geared, 

 and driven by a chain of forged steel links and roller pins from a 

 separate engine placed below the deck, the chain passing through 

 this deck to the countershaft of the pinion gear. 



This dredge was built to excavate the approaches to the rock 

 cut of the new West Neebish Channel. The material in the approaches 



