346 DR. LEGEAR'S STOCK BOOK. 



Symptoms. When the sheep are attacked by gadflies, the ani- 

 mals will crowd together, with their noses to the ground, stamp 

 violently at times, or run from one part of the pasture to an- 

 other. At other times they will lie down, with their nostrils 

 buried in the dust, etc. When the grubs get up into the head, 

 and begin to mature, the animal soon shows signs of dullness, 

 stands or lies down in one place nearly all the time, and notices 

 bul little. The appetite is gone, the head lowered to and resting 

 on the ground, or turned to one side (usually the side affected), 

 and there is a discharge from the nose. If the animal can keep 

 up its strength until the grubs are dislodged, or come away of 

 themselves, recovery may take place; otherwise-, death usually 

 ends the scene. 



Treatment. The grubs may be extracted by a qualified veter- 

 inarian, but scarcely pays, except in the case of a valuable ani- 

 mal. For this operation, a special instrument, called a trephine 

 (see Fig. 3), must be used. With a sharp .knife make an incision 

 through the skin over the cavity (sinus) that contains the grub, 

 large enough to let the trephine down upon the bone. With this 

 instrument a piece of the skull can be removed, after which the 

 grubs may be easily taken out through the opening. The grubs 

 should all be removed, the opening in the skin stitched and 

 dressed as an ordinary wound. The grubs may often be dis- 

 lodged, when they are not firmly fixed, by injecting up the nos- 

 trils equal parts of sweet oil and turpentine, but care must be 

 taken not to strangle the sheep. Another means is to cause the 

 animal to inhale smoke of some kind, to induce sneezing, which 

 may dislodge them. But when the grubs are well up, and firmly 

 attached, inhalations of smoke, or injections of liquid prepara- 

 tions, are useless. 



Prevention. The preventative mode of treatment in this dis- 

 ease i& of the utmost importance. Smear tar on the nose- of each 



