xiv CONTENTS 



PAGE 



The cycles of stream meanders The cut-off of the meander Meander 

 scars River terraces The delta of the river The levee The 

 sections of delta deposits 158 



CHAPTER XIII 

 EARTH FEATURES SHAPED BY RUNNING WATER 



The newly incised upland and its sharp salients The stage of adolescence 



The maturely dissected upland The Hogarthian line of beauty 

 The final product of river sculpture : the peneplain The river cross 

 sections of successive stages The entrenchment of meanders with 

 renewed uplift The valley of the rejuvenated river The arrest of 

 stream erosion by the more resistant rocks The capture of one river by 

 another Water and wind gaps Character profiles Reading refer- 

 ences 169 



CHAPTER XIV 

 THE TRAVELS OF THE UNDERGROUND WATER 



The descent within the unsaturated zone The trunk channels of descend- 

 ing water The caverns of limestones Swallow holes and limestone 

 sinks The sinter deposits The growth of stalactites Formation 

 of stalagmites The Karst and its features A desert from the 

 destruction of forests The ponore and the polje The return of the 

 water to the surface Artesian wells Hot springs and geysers 

 The deposition of siliceous sinter by plant growth Reading references 180 



CHAPTER XV 

 SUN AND WIND IN THE LANDS OF INFREQUENT RAINS 



The law of the desert The self -registering gauge of past climates Some 

 characteristics of the desert waste Dry weathering: the red and 

 brown desert varnish The mechanical breakdown of the desert rocks 



The natural sand blast The dust carried out of the desert . . 197 



CHAPTER XVI 

 THE FEATURES IN DESERT LANDSCAPES 



The wandering dunes The forms of dunes The cloudburst in the 

 desert The zone of the dwindling river Erosion in and about the 

 desert Characteristic features of the arid lands The war of dune 

 and oasis The origin of the high plains which front the Rocky 

 Mountains Character profiles Reading references . . . 209 



