xxii ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT 



FIQ. PAGE 



32. A plunging syncline 60 



33. An unconformity upon the coast of California 51 



34. Series of diagrams to illustrate the episodes involved in the production 



of an angular unconformity .... .... 52 



35. Types of deceptive or erosional unconformities 53 



36. A set of master joints in shale ........ 55 



37. Diagram to show the manner of replacement of one set of joints by 



another .56 



38. Diagram to show the different combinations of joint series ... 56 



39. View of the shore in West Greenland 57 



40. View in Iceland which shows joint intervals of more than one order . 57 



41. Faulted blocks of basalt near Woodbury, Connecticut .... 58 



42. A fault in previously disturbed strata ....... 59 



43. Diagram to show the effect of erosion upon a fault .... 60 



44. A fault plane exhibiting drag ........ 60 



46. Map to show how a fault may be indicated by abrupt changes in strike 



and dip 61 



46. A series of parallel faults revealed by offsets 61 



47. Field map prepared from the laboratory table 64 



48. Areal geological map based upon the field map 64 



49. A portion of the ruins of Messina 67 



50. Ruins of the Carnegie Palace of Peace at Cartaga, Costa Rica . . 68 

 61. Overturned bowlders from Assam earthquake of 1897 .... 69 

 52. Post sunk into ground during Charleston earthquake .... 69 



63. Map showing localities where shocks have been reported at sea off 



Cape Mendocino, California 70 



64. Effect of seismic water wave in Japan ..... 70 



55. A fault of vertical displacement . .71 



56. Escarpment produced by an earthquake fault in India ... 72 



57. A fault of lateral displacement S 72 



58. Fence parted and displaced by lateral displacement on fault during 



California earthquake 72 



69. Fault with vertical and lateral displacements combined ... 72 



60. Diagram to show how small faults may be masked at the earth's sur- 



face 73 



61. " Mole hill " effect above buried earthquake fault .... 73 



62. Post-glacial earthquake faults 74 



63. Earthquake cracks in Colorado desert 74 



64. Railway tracks broken or buckled at time of earthquake ... 75 



65. Railroad bridge in Japan damaged by earthquake .... 75 



66. Diagrams to show contraction of earth's crust during an earthquake . 76 



67. Map of the Chedrang fault of India 76 



68. Displacements along earthquake fault in Alaska . . . '. '.77 



69. Abrupt change in direction of throw upon an earthquake fault . .77 



70. Map of faults in the Owens Valley, California, formed during earth- 



quake of 1872. . . 78 



