ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT xxiii 



TIG. 



71. Marquetry of the rock floor in the Tonopah district, Nevada . . 79 



72. Map of Alaskan coast to show adjustments of level during an earth- 



quake .......... . . 79 



73. An Alaskan shore elevated seventeen feet during the earthquake of 



1899 ............ 80 



74. Partially submerged forest from depression of shore in Alaska during 



earthquake ........... 80 



75. Effect of settlement of the shore at Port Royal during earthquake of 



1907 ............ 80 



76. Diagrams to illustrate the draining of lakes during earthquakes . . 83 



77. Diagram to illustrate the derangements of water flow during an 



earthquake ........... 84 



78. Mud cones aligned upon an earthquake fissure in Servia ... 84 



79. Craterlet formed near Charleston, South Carolina, during the earth- 



quake of 1886 .......... 85 



50. Cross section of a craterlet ... ...... 85 



51. Map of the island of Ischia to show the concentration of earthquake 



shocks ............ 87 



82. A line of earth fracture revealed in the plan of the relief ... 87 



S3. Seismotectoiiic lines of the West Indies ...... 88 



84. Device to illustrate the different effects of earthquakes in firm rock 



and in loose materials ......... 88 



85. House wrecked in San Francisco earthquake . . . . .90 



86. Building wrecked in California earthquake by roof and upper floor 



battering down the upper walls ....... 91 



87. Breached volcanic cone in New Zealand showing the bending down 



of the strata near the vent ........ 96 



88. View of the new Camiguin volcano formed in 1871 in the Philippines 97 



89. Map to show the belts of active volcanoes ...... 98 



90. A portion of the " fire girdle " of the Pacific . . . . .98 



91. Volcanic cones formed in 1783 above the Skaptar fissure in Iceland . 99 



92. Diagrams to illustrate the location of volcanic vents upon fissure lines 100 



93. Outline map showing the arrangement of volcanic vents upon the 



island of Java .......... 100 



94. Map showing the migration of volcanoes along a fissure . . . 101 



95. Basaltic plateau of the northwestern United States due to fissure 



eruptions of lava . . . " . . . . ,, 102 



96. Lava plains about the Snake River in Idaho ..... 102 



97. Characteristic profiles of lava volcanoes . . . . . . 103 



98. A driblet cone ........... 104 



99. Leffingwell Crater, a cinder cone in the Owens Valley, California . 104 



100. Map of Hawaii and its lava volcanoes ... . ... 106 



101. Section through Mauna Loa and Kilauea ...... 106 



102. Schematic diagram to illustrate the moving platform in the crater of 



Kilauea ........... . 107 



103. View of the open lava lake of Halemaumau . ... 108 



