222 EARTH FEATURES AND THEIR MEANING 



The red and brown desert varnish : 



I. C. RUSSELL. Subaerial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color 

 of Certain Formations. Bull. 52, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1889, pp. 65, pis. 5. 



Erosion in the desert : 

 J. A. UDDEN. Erosion, Transportation, and Sedimentation performed by 



the Atmosphere, Jour. Geol., vol. 2, 1894, pp. 318-331. 

 S. PASSARGE. Die pfannenformigen Hohlformen der siidafrikanischen 



Steppen, Pet. Mitt., vol. 57, 1911, pp. 57-61, 130-135. 



The dust carried out of the desert : 



F. VON RICHTOPEN. China, Ergebnisse eigene Reisen und darauf ge- 

 griindeten Studien, Berlin, 1877, vol. 1, pp. 56-125. 



E. HILGARD. The Loess of the Mississippi Valley, Am. Jour. Sci., (3), 

 vol. 18, 1879, pp. 106-112. 



T. C. CHAMBERLIN and R. D. SALISBURY. Preliminary Paper on the 

 Driftless Area of the Upper Mississippi Valley, 6th Ann. Rept. U. S. 

 Geol. Surv., 1885, pp. 278-307. 



E. E. FREE. The movement of soil material by the wind, with a bibli- 

 ography of eolian geology by S. C. Stuntz and E. E. Free, Bull. 68, 

 U. S. Bureau of Soils, 1911, pp. 272, pis. 5. 



M. NEUMAYR. Erdgeschichte, vol. 1, pp. 510-514. 



E. DE MARTONNE. Geographic physique, pp. 663-668. 



Dunes : 



VAUGHAN CORNISH. On the Formation of Sand-dunes, Geogr. Jour., 

 vol. 9, 1897, pp. 278-309 (a most important paper). 



F. SOLGER and Others. Diinenbuch. Enke, Stuttgart, 1910, pp. 373. 



The zone of the dwindling river : 

 E. HUNTINGTON. The Border Belts of the Tarim Basin, Bull. Am. Geogr. 



Soc., vol. 38, 1906, pp. 91-96 ; The Pulse of Asia, pp. 210-222, 262-279. 

 The war of dune and oasis : 

 R. PUMPELLY. Explorations in Turkestan, Expedition of 1904, etc., 



Pub. 73, Carneg. Inst., Washington, vol. 1, pp. 1-13. 

 E. HUNTINGTON. The Oasis of Kharga, Bull. Am. Geogr. Soc., vol. 42. 



1910, pp. 641-661. 

 TH. H. KEARNEY. The Country of the Ant Men, Nat. Geogr. Mag., vol. 



22, 1911, pp. 367-382. 



Features of the arid lands : 



C. E. DUTTON. Tertiary History of the Grand Canon District, with 

 Atlas, Mon. II, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1882, pp. 264, pis. 42, maps 23. 



G. SWEINPURTH. Map Sheets of the Eastern Egyptian Desert. Berlin, 



1901-1902, 8 sheets. 



The origin of the high plains : 



W. D. JOHNSON. The High Plains and their Utilization, 21st Ann. Rept. 

 U. S. Geol. Surv., Pt. iv, 1901, pp. 601-741. 



