318 



EARTH FEATURES AND THEIR MEANING 



Character profiles. All surface features referable to continental 

 glaciers, whether carved in rock or molded from loose materials, 

 present gently flowing outlines which are convex upward (Fig. 

 345). The only definite features carved from rock are the roches 

 moutonnees, with their flattened shoulders, while the hillocks upon 



FIG. 345. Character profiles referable to continental glacier. 



moraines and kames, and the drumlins as well, approximate to 

 the same profile. The esker in its cross sections is much the same, 

 though its serpentine extension may offer some variety of curvature 

 when viewed from higher levels. 



READING REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER XXII 

 General : 



JAMES GEIKIE. The Great Ice Age. 3d ed. London, 1894, pp. 850, 



maps 18. 



CHAMBERLIN and SALISBURY. Geology, vol. 3, 1906, pp. 327-516. 

 FRANK LEVERETT. The Illinois Glacial Lobe, Mon. 38, U. S. Geol. Surv., 



1899, pp. 817, pis. 34 ; Glacial formations and Drainage Features of 



the Erie and Ohio Basins, Mon. 41, ibid., 1902, pp. 802, pis. 25; 



Comparison of North American and European Glacial Deposits, Zeit. 



f . Gletscherk., vol. 4, 1910, pp. 241-315,' pis. 1-5. 



Former glaciations previous to Ice Age : 



A. STRAHAN. The Glacial Phenomena of Paleozoic Age in the Varanger 



Fjord, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, vol. 53, 1897, pp. 137-146, pis. 



8-10. 

 BAILEY WILLIS and ELIOT BLACKWELDER. Research in China, Pub. 54, 



Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 1, 1907, pp. 267-269, pis. 37-38. 

 A. P. COLEMAN. A Lower Huronian Ice Age, Am. Jour. Sci. (4), vol. 23, 



1907, pp. 187-192. 

 W. M. DAVIS. Observations in South Africa, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 



17, 1906, pp. 377-450, pis. 47-54. 

 DAVID WHITE. Permo-Carboniferous Climatic Changes in South America, 



Jour. Geol., vol. 15, 1907, pp. 615-633. 



