lesson VI.] 



CHEMISTRY. 



Ill 



we meet with the words oxioV, chloride, bromide, Sec., but they only mean the combination 

 of metals with these substances, and it is not more difficult to understand them than 

 saying a syrup of orange, mulberry, &rc., or an essence of lemon, verbena, &c. " Oh, 

 but are not those long names, protoxide, bi-chloride, &c., very disagreeable and 

 difficult ? " says a lazy juvenile. No ; they are really very easy. Let us see what they 

 mean. Proto means first, and therefore a protoxide is a single oxide ; deuto. 



, a double oxide ; tritoxide, or teroxide, a triple oxiile, &c. ; and when the base 



r.-.ted with oxygen (still not acid) it is called a peroxide. All the difficulty 



.ig these names will be removed by remembering that each name has a prefix, 



which explains the meaning ; thus profo means 1 ; sesqui, 1} ; bi, bin, dcuto, di, 2 ; tf t 



: quadra, 4 ; qitinto, 5 : 



As we shall meet with some other names of a peculiar kind, it will be b 

 examine their meaning first. We shall find that acids ending in ic form s:i/ 

 bases that end in ate at least, such is a general rule ; for example, sulphuric acid 

 and potassa form sulphate of potash. Acids ending in ons form salts that end 

 thus, phosphorow acid and potassa form phosphi/t? of potash. When we meet with 

 words terminating in uret, we know that the simple non -metallic substances 

 combination with each other, with a metal, or with a metallic oxide ; thus, carburet of 

 iron means a combination of carbon with iron. The names of most metals end in urn 

 as sodium, platinum, &c. and alkaline bases, when expressed in one word ter 

 in a, as magnesia and potassa. The prefix hypo, means less ; thus ty/>o-sulphuric acid 

 means an acid with less oxygen than the sulphuric, and more than the sulphuron*. The 

 prefixes hyper and per signify more ; thus, /<y/*r-nitrous, and per-chloric acids, means 

 acids with more oxygen than the nitron* and chloric. 



QV;. 



/'. Name the first group of the 

 elementary bodies, and give t:. 

 and the symbols at the same time. 



/'. 1 i first group, the gazolytct, con- 

 tains three elementary bodies, viz. : 



s >, 



n ... i 



O. ... 8 



... II 



66. T. What substances are found in 

 the second group ? 



/'. Tin.- lialogent consist of four bodies, 



T.r -i .: . 



i ! ... 



i. 



78-4 

 33-4 

 187 



ictalloids. 

 . :ii group contains only four bodies, 



n . 

 



Sulphur 





68. T. Name t: 



P. They are tiity in number, viz. : 



