244 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 



Methods of Extraction. The ore is first roasted, then smelted 

 to a Bessemer matte containing from 77 to 80 per cent, of the 

 combined metals, copper and nickel, which is shipped direct to 

 the United States and Great Britian for subsequent refinement 

 by the electrolytic method. Plants exist for the treatment of 

 the Canadian ores at Copper Cliff, Deloro, and Thorold, Ontario. 



Uses of Nickel. One of the earliest uses of nickel was in the 

 manufacture of German silver, an alloy of nickel, copper and 

 zinc. Nickel has been extensively used in coinage both in the 

 United States and in foreign countries. The standard coin is 

 said to consist of one part of nickel and three parts of copper. 

 Nickel is used extensively in electroplating. 



Nickel when welded upon iron and rolled into sheets is used 

 for culinary utensils and many other objects. Nickel is used 

 for making nickel steel for heavy machinery and engines; plates, 

 turrets, and propeller shafts; for stamp mill shoes, crusher jaws, 

 and bicycles. The bicycle and the motocycle have been in some 

 measure responsible for the demand for nickel in recent years. 

 An alloy consisting of 20 parts of nickel and 80 parts of copper 

 is used as the casing of bullets for small bore guns, especially in 

 foreign countries. Europe uses large quantities of nickel for 

 that purpose. Nickeloid is a nickel-plated sheet of zinc which is 

 non-corrodible and which is largely used in the manufacture of 

 bath tubs, refrigerator linings and wherever a metallic surface 

 is continuously exposed to moist air or water. Nickel aluminum 

 alloys are of commercial significance. They possess a tensile 

 strength exceeding 40,000 Ib. to the square inch. New-silver 

 is an alloy of nickel and aluminum containing 26 per cent, of 

 nickel. It is susceptible of a high polish and as its name implies 

 so closely resembles silver that it cannot readily be distinguished 

 from the white metal. Minckin is a nickel-aluminum alloy con- 

 taining more nickel, and widely used on account of its resistance to 

 to the corrosive action of both acids and alkalis. Ferro-nickel 

 contains 25, 35, 50, and 75 per cent, of nickel respectively, and 

 is manufactured in large quantities so that the per cent, of nickel 

 required in steel may be absolutely controlled. The alloy is 

 malleable, homogeneous, and may be either rolled into plates 

 or drawn into wires. 



Chrome-nickel is utilized in the manufacture of armor plates 

 and armor-piercing projectiles which are superior to the Harvey- 

 ized steel armor plates once widely utilized. Tungsten-nickel is 



