USEFUL METALS 



used largely in the manufacture of cutlery. Molybdenum-nickel 

 has many industrial applications and consists of varying quanti- 

 ties of the two metals. As molybdenum is fusible with dif limit y 

 :uul hard to alloy with steel, it is first alloyed with nickel, then t he 

 nickel alloy is alloyed with steel and used in the manufacture of 

 forgings, foundry facings, gun shells, wires, and boiler plates. 

 Monel metal contains 69 parts of nickel, 29 parts of copper and 

 two parts of iron. Its tensile strength varies from 85,000 to 

 95,000 Ib. to the square inch. The metal may be spun, forged, 

 worked either hot or cold, and manufactured into boiler tubes and 

 sheet metal suitable for casings where strength and non-corro- 

 dibility are desired. The specific gravity of monel metal is from 

 8.94 to 8.95. The metal possess 25 per cent, greater tensile 

 strength and 50 per cent, greater elastic limit than steel. There- 

 fore the mechanical possibilities of the alloy are almost endless. 

 One of the most satisfactory uses of the metal is in seamless tubes 

 for condensers and boilers for automobiles and motor boats. 

 The high elastic limit of the metal coupled with its non-corrodi- 

 bility are of special value in light machinery. The largest casing 

 yet made of the metal is said to be the hub of a steamer propeller. 

 This casting is 9 1/2 ft. in diameter and weighs 6500 Ib. The 

 propellers for hydroplanes are manufactured from monel metal. 



Economics. A few tons of nickel are produced annually as a 

 by-product in the treatment of the lead ores at Mine La Motte, 

 Missouri. There are two companies operating in the United 

 States for the production of the metal. The International Nickel 

 Company, Bayonne, New Jersey, and the American Nickel 

 Works, Camden, New Jersey. The United States still continues 

 to draw its supply of nickel from America's most noted locality, 

 Sudbury, Ontario. 



In 1909 a new nickel area was exploited in the Township of 

 Dundonald on the west of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario 

 Railway. The ore is a Nickeliferous pyrrhotite closely resem- 

 bling that of Sudbury, Ontario. 



Manganese: Its Properties, Occurrence and Uses 



Properties. Manganese, symbol Mn, is a hard, brittle, steel- 

 gray metal which oxidizes rapidly on exposure to moist atmos- 

 phere. It is readily soluble in hydrochloric acid. The metal 

 does not occur free and uncombined in nature, and the Defined 



