ECONOMICS 297 



in the United States since 1907 by only one company 

 until the latter part of 1910. Since that time there have been 

 two pn.duct-rs. A small quantity of the pigment, cadmium 

 sulphide, is also produced. The metal may be derived: (1) 

 From the fractional distillation of zinc ores; (2) recovered as a 

 by-product in the manufacture of lithopone; and (3) by the 

 dry distillation or electrolysis of the slimes formed in the 

 manufacture of zinc chloride. 



The chief output of cadmium comes from the zinc-producing 

 districts of Silesia, where the metal is recovered as a by-product 

 in the manufacture of zinc. In England a small amount of 

 cadmium has been recovered in the purification of the solution 

 of zinc sulphate in the manufacture of lithopone. 



A small amount of metallic cadmium is annually imported 

 in the form of sticks. Also a small amount of the sulphide under 

 the name of cadmium yellow. The total average value of these 

 products is less than $5000 per annum. 



ARSENIC 



There was no production of white arsenic in the United States 

 prior to 1901. Among the new industries that have been devel- 

 oped recently is the manufacture of white arsenic as a by- 

 product in the treatment of other ores. A pioneer in this 

 industry was the Puget Sound Reduction Company which recov- 

 ered arsenic from the Monte Cristo, Washington, ores. The 

 Everett smeltery at Everett, Washington, the Washoe plant 

 at Anaconda, Montana, and the United Smelting Company at 

 Midvale, Utah, are among the producers of this commodity. 



The production suffered a decline in 1904, 1909, and in 1912. 

 The output for 1912 was 5,852,000 Ib. in comparison with 

 6,162,000 Ib. in 1911. 



The imports of arsenic are not heavy. About 150 tons of red 

 arsenic, As 2 S 2 , and from 50 to 75 tons of metallic arsenic and lead- 

 arsenic alloys meet the demand for these products. Germany, 

 France, United Kingdom, Spain, in the order of their output, 

 produce a total of between 2000 and 3000 metric tons of white 

 arsenic per annum. 



ANTIMONY 



Antimony for consumption in the United States is largely 

 derived from four sources: (1) Hard lead obtained in the 



