114 EDIBLE BRITISH MOLLUSCA. 



the Moors, mounted on a white horse, the housings 

 charged with escallops, defeated those infidels. St. 

 James supported his people, by taking part in their 

 battles, down to a very late period, as Caro de Torres 

 mentions two engagements in which he cheered on the 

 squadrons of " Cortes" and " Pizarro" " with his sword 

 flashing lightning in the eyes of the Indians."* The 

 great Spanish military order of " Santiago de la Espada" 

 is supposed to have been instituted in memory of the 

 celebrated battle of Clavijo, the peculiar badge of which 

 order is a red cross, like a sword, charged with a white 

 scallop shell, and the motto " Rubet ensis sanguine 

 Arabum."f To this day you are told in Spain, that the 

 scallops found at Clavijo, were dropped there by St. 

 James, or Santiago, when he assisted the Spaniards to 

 kill 60,000 Moors in the year 997, and they are con- 

 sidered visible proofs for those who doubt the miracles 

 of this saiiit. 



Other orders of knighthood used the scallop shell 

 as an ornament, viz., that of St. James of Holland, the 

 badge and collar being formed of escallops. It was 

 instituted in 1290 by Florian II., Comte de Hollande, 

 but it was abolished with the Roman Catholic Religion. J 

 Louis IX. of France, or St. Louis, as he was generally 

 called, instituted an order of knighthood, called the 

 "Ship and Escallop Shell," to induce the French nobility 

 to accompany him in his pilgrimage to the Holy Land ; 

 but it did not long survive its foundation. He quitted 



* ' Ordenes Militares/ fol. 5. Note, Prescott's ' Ferdinand and 

 Isabella,' vol. i. p. 274. 

 t < Heraldry of Fish.' 



I ( Collection Historique de la Chevallerie/ par A. M. Perrot. 

 < Heraldry of Fish.' 



